Parent and child sake cup

Japanese: 親子盃 - おやこさかずき

...It refers to the relationship between parents and children, but it can also be used to refer to relationships in which a parent-child relationship is fictitious under law or custom, such as the relationship between adoptive parents and adopted children, boss and subordinate, or master and subordinate.
[Parent-child and blood ties]
In parent-child relationships, the natural element of blood ties is particularly emphasized, but in any society, the existence of blood ties does not necessarily automatically give rise to a social parent-child relationship. This fact was pointed out long ago by social anthropologists such as B. Malinowski.

From "Parenthood"

...When people who do not have a parent-child relationship go through a certain procedure to form a relationship similar to a parent-child relationship, it is generally called parent-child affiliation, and the relationship established by parent-child affiliation is generally called a provisional parent-child relationship, a boss-subordinate relationship, a fictitious parent-child relationship, or a ceremonial parent-child relationship. The parents in this relationship are called temporary parents. Because the relationship established by parent-child affiliation is different from a legal parent-child relationship, it has a completely different social significance from an adoptive parent-child relationship through adoption. There are two occasions when parent-child affiliation takes place. The first is during various stages of rites of passage such as birth, naming, coming of age, and marriage, and the parents adopted in this way include the adoptive parent, the naming parent, the coming-of-age parent, and the matchmaker parent. ...

From "Sake Ceremony"

...The custom of Tobo Sakazuki, in which the bride drinks sake with the groom's mother in the kitchen as a ceremony to enter the home, exists in many places with various variations. The subsequent parent-child and relative sake cups are not between the two married people. The Meoto sake cup between the two married people is called Sansankudo sake cup today and is considered the center of marriage ceremonies, but in the past, sake cups between the two married people such as the Meoto sake cup and the Toko sake cup were surprisingly rare, and instead sake cups between the two married people and their respective relatives, especially the parents and relatives of the bride and groom, became the center of marriage ceremonies.

From "339 Degrees"

…This is also called Aisa-kazuki or Musubi-sakazuki, and three cups, large and small, are often used. However, in the past, many regions did not hold this Meoto-sakazuki ceremony, and instead held parent-child or relative-sakazuki events between the bride and groom and their respective parents or relatives, and in some regions this was called San-san-ku-do. The current San-san-ku-do ceremony is said to be a simplified version of the complicated sake ceremony. …

From "Bride-entry marriage"

...Although the customs observed in various regions vary, it is common that when a marriage is established, the engagement ceremony (yuino) in which the consent of the woman's family is obtained is important, and in particular the bride's transfer ceremony is held as an official ceremony at the groom's house with great pomp. In the case of a bride-entry marriage, the ritual of joining the bride into the society to which the groom belongs is emphasized, and this can be seen from the fact that there are cases in which the groom does not attend the wedding reception, and that a parent-child cup of sake with the groom's parents, especially his mother (mother-in-law), was more common than a husband-wife cup of sake. Thus, married life began immediately at the husband's house, but the bride was expected to serve her father-in-law, who was the head of the household and the housewife, which led to many tense relationships, especially between the bride and mother-in-law....

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Oyakosaka" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…父母と子の関係を指すが，生みの親と子の血縁的な関係だけではなく，養親と養子，親分と子分，親方と子方の関係のように，法制上，習俗上親子関係が擬制される関係(擬制的親族関係)を指しても用いられる。
［親子と血縁］
　親子関係では，とくに血のつながりという自然的要素が強調されるが，いずれの社会でも，血のつながりがあればただちに社会的にも親子関係が発生するとされているわけではない。このことは早くからB.マリノフスキーら社会人類学者によって指摘されている。…

【親子成り】より

…親子関係にない者が一定の手続を経て親子関係に類似した関係をとり結ぶことを一般に親子成りといい，親子成りによって成立する関係を仮の親子関係，親分･子分関係，擬制的親子関係，儀礼的親子関係などと一般的によんでいる。また，この関係における親を仮親という。親子成りによって設定されるのは法的な親子関係とは異なるから，養子縁組による養親子関係とは社会的意義が全く異なる。　親子成りが行われる契機には二つあり，第1は出産，命名，成人，結婚など通過儀礼の諸段階に行われるものであり，こうしてとった親に取上親，名付親，元服親，仲人親などがある。…

【盃事】より

…また入家儀礼として嫁が台所口でとくに婿の母(しゅうとめ)と盃をとりかわすトボウサカズキの慣行は種々の変異をみせながら各地に存在する。そして続いて行われる親子盃，親類盃などはいずれも婚姻当事者同士の盃事ではない。当事者間の女夫（めおと）盃は今日三三九度の盃とよばれ婚姻儀礼の中心とされるが，かつてはこうした女夫盃，床盃のような当事者間の盃事は意外に少なく，むしろ婚姻当事者とそれぞれの親族，とくに嫁と婿の親や親類との盃事が中心となっている。…

【三三九度】より

…これはアイサカズキ，ムスビサカズキともいい，大小三重（みつがさね）の盃が多く用いられている。しかし，かつてはこの女夫盃（めおとさかずき）を行わない地域が多く，そこでの盃事は新郎，新婦がそれぞれ相手の両親や親類との間で行う親子盃や親類盃であり，むしろこれを三三九度の盃とよぶ地域もあった。現在の三三九度の盃は，複雑な酒礼を整理簡略化したものといわれている。…

【嫁入婚】より

…各地にみられる慣行内容はさまざまであるが，婚姻成立にあたって，女方の承諾を得る婚約儀礼(結納)の重視，とくに嫁の引移り儀礼が婿方で公式儀礼として盛大に行われるのが一般的である。嫁入婚においては，嫁を婿の属する社会に加入させる儀礼が重視されており，披露宴に婿が出席しない例もあること，夫婦盃よりも婿の両親，とくに母(しゅうとめ)との親子盃が広く行われていたことなどからもうかがえる。このように夫婦生活が直ちに夫方で開始されたが，嫁は家長，主婦であるしゅうと，しゅうとめに仕えることを先決とされたことから，とくに嫁，しゅうとめの緊張関係が多くみられることになった。…

※「親子盃」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について | 情報

<<: Parent and Child Quality

>>: Parent and Child Theater - Parent and Child Theater