Imposed monopoly - imposed monopoly

Japanese: 押し付けられた独占 - おしつけられたどくせん
Imposed monopoly - imposed monopoly

…In this way, Japanese court decisions are limited to cases where it is relatively easy to determine illegality and an injunction is sufficient. However, theoretically, it is difficult to determine what exclusionary behavior is illegal because competition essentially includes the element of excluding other businesses. In the case of the American antitrust law, there are several cases that relate to the philosophy and the very basis of the existence of the antitrust law, such as whether a so-called imposed monopoly, in which a company has become a monopolist by continuously providing consumers with better quality and cheaper products than other companies, can be evaluated as illegal. This is ultimately a question of how to harmonize the economic policy objective of maintaining a competitive market structure by excluding monopolistic businesses with legal judgments that focus on the existence of reprehensible behavior. In the Alcoa decision (1945), etc., the United States introduced the concept of economic reproach, which is different from ethical reproach, and adopted the theoretical structure that if a small company does it, it is not a problem, but if a large company does it, there is a reproachable behavior, and there are cases in which policy judgments were given priority quite boldly. …

*Some of the terminology used to refer to "imposed monopoly" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…このように日本の審判決例は,比較的違法の認定が容易で,行為の差止めを命ずれば足りるものに限定されている。 しかし理論的に何が違法とされる排除行為であるかは,競争が本質的に他の事業者の排除という要素を含むものであるため判断が難しく,アメリカのアンチ・トラスト法の判例においては,他の事業者より良質廉価な商品を継続的に消費者に提供することによって結果的に独占者となった,いわゆる押し付けられた独占を違法と評価しうるかという,独占禁止法の哲学,存在意義の根幹にかかわる事件もいくつか存在する。これは,結局,独占的事業者の排除による競争的市場構造の維持という経済政策的目的を,非難すべき行為の存否を中心的な問題とする法的判断とどう調和させるのかという問題であるが,アメリカではアルコア判決(1945)等で,倫理的非難と異なる経済的非難といった概念を導入することによって,小企業がなすのであれば問題とならないが,大企業がなすときには非難しうる行為が存在するとの理論構成をとり,かなり大胆に政策的な判断を優先させた例がある。…

※「押し付けられた独占」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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