Aerosol - aerosol

Japanese: 煙霧質 - えんむしつ(英語表記)aerosol
Aerosol - aerosol

It is a colloidal dispersion system in which gas is the dispersion medium and solid or liquid particles are the dispersoid. It is also called an aerosol or aerosol. When liquid is the dispersoid, it becomes fog, and when solid particles are dispersed, it becomes smoke. It is usually not very stable, so if left alone, the particles will settle and aggregate. The so-called smog found in polluted air is a type of aerosol that contains suspended particulate matter.

Aerosols show a clear Tyndall effect. A major difference with hydrosols is that there is almost no stabilization of the dispersion system by electrical charge. The dispersed particles do not necessarily have an electrical charge. For this reason, in order to collect aerosols in a short time, a Cotterell dust collector is often used, which passes the particles through a high-voltage electric field and collects the dispersed particles on an electrode. There are various other methods for collecting aerosols, such as filtering them with special paper. Andersen samplers are sometimes used to fractionate and collect particles based on particle size.

[Yamazaki Akira]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

気体を分散媒とし、固体や液体の微粒子を分散質としているコロイド分散系である。エアロゾルまたはエーロゾルともいう。液体が分散質となっている場合は霧であり、固体の微粒子が分散しているのが煙である。通常は安定性がよくないので、放置すると粒子の沈降、凝集がおこる。汚染大気中にみられるいわゆるスモッグは、浮遊性の粒子状物質を含む一種の煙霧質である。

 煙霧質ははっきりしたチンダル現象を示す。ヒドロゾルとの大きな相違点として、荷電による分散系の安定化がほとんどないことがあげられる。分散している粒子もかならずしも荷電をもっていない。このために煙霧質を短時間で捕集するためには、高電圧をかけた電場のなかを通過させて、電極上に分散粒子を集めてしまうコットレル集塵機がよく用いられる。煙霧質の捕集にはこのほかにもいろいろな方法があり、特殊な紙で濾過(ろか)したりする。粒径により分画して捕集するにはアンダーセンサンプラーなどが用いられることもある。

[山崎 昶]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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