Gapon, Georgii Apollonovich

Japanese: ガポン（英語表記）Gapon， Georgii Apollonovich

Born: February 17, 1870 in Poltava
Died April 10, 1906. A monk of the Ozerkiy Russian Orthodox Church near St. Petersburg, and a labor union activist. In 1903, he attempted to shift the labor movement from a political struggle aimed at revolution to an economic struggle against the bourgeoisie. He came into contact with the Okhranka (secret police) and, with their help, formed the "Russian Factory Workers' Union," taking advantage of the deep-rooted faith of Russian workers in the Orthodox Church. With the help of the rising cost of living and frequent strikes during the Russo-Japanese War, he became the leader of the Russian labor union movement, which included almost all "qualified" workers in the St. Petersburg machinery industry. On January 22, 1905 (the 9th day of the lunar calendar), he led more than 200,000 St. Petersburg workers and their families in a petition march to the Winter Palace, holding up a portrait of the Tsar, and attempted to hand the petition to the Tsar, but was shot down by a volley of military fire (the so-called "Bloody Sunday" incident), and fled the country. In Geneva, he approached the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SR) and Lenin, and sent an "open letter" calling for the unification of all revolutionary parties, but failed. After that, he chartered a British ship and engaged in arms smuggling for a while. After returning to the United States, he tried to reorganize the labor organization, but was assassinated by a laborer who suspected him of having ties to the police.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1870.2.17. ポルタバ
[没]1906.4.10. ペテルブルグ近郊オゼルキー
ロシア正教会の修道士，労働組合運動家。 1903年労働運動を革命を目指す政治闘争からブルジョアジーに対する経済闘争に転換させることをもくろんだ。オフランカ (秘密警察) と接触，その援助のもとに，ロシアの労働者の根強い正教会への信心を利用しつつ，「ロシア工場労働者組合」を結成。日露戦争中の生活費騰貴とストライキの頻発に助けられて，ペテルブルグ機械工業のほとんどすべての「適格」労働者を網羅したロシア労働組合運動の指導者となった。 05年1月 22日 (旧暦9日) ，20万人以上のペテルブルグ労働者およびその家族を率い，ツァーリの肖像を掲げて冬宮への請願デモの先頭に立ち，ツァーリに請願書を手渡そうとしたが，軍隊の一斉射撃を浴びて果さず (いわゆる「血の日曜日」事件) ，国外に逃走。ジュネーブにいたり，社会革命党 (エス・エル) 外国組織，レーニンらに接近，「公開状」を発して全革命政党の結集を呼びかけたが失敗。以後しばらくイギリスの船をチャーターして武器の密輸に従事。帰国後，労働者組織の再編成を行おうとしたが，警察との関係を疑う労働者によって暗殺された。

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