A colorless, odorless gas that is a saturated linear hydrocarbon. It is found in gas obtained by distillation of natural gas and crude oil. It is flammable and explosive, but has little chemical reactivity. Its explosive limit in air is 3.2-12.5% by volume. It produces ethylene and hydrogen when thermally decomposed at 700-900°C. At even higher temperatures, it produces acetylene. It is used as a raw material for ethylene in the production of petrochemical products, as well as in the production of halogenated compounds such as chloroethylene and as a fuel. At high concentrations, it has an anesthetic effect. Ethane is produced by catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene or acetylene using a catalyst, or by reduction of ethyl halides, but pure ethane is rarely used. [Takeo Sato and Masaru Hirota] [References] | | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鎖式飽和炭化水素の一つで、無色、無臭の気体。 天然ガスおよび原油の蒸留によって得られるガス中に存在する。引火性、爆発性があるが化学反応性には乏しい。空気中での爆発限界は3.2~12.5容積%である。700~900℃で熱分解するとエチレンと水素を生成する。さらに高温ではアセチレンを生じる。エチレンの原料として石油化学製品の製造に用いられるほか、クロロエチレンなどのハロゲン化合物の製造や燃料としての用途がある。高濃度では麻酔作用がある。エタンの製造はエチレンやアセチレンを、触媒を用いて接触的水素化を行うか、ハロゲン化エチルを還元するが、純粋なエタンの用途は少ない。 [佐藤武雄・廣田 穰] [参照項目] | | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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