It has two meanings: prevention and aftercare of mental disorders, and arranging for people to live a stable mental life. The former was called mental hygiene for a long time. It has three stages: reducing the incidence of mental disorders, reducing the prevalence by early detection, and promoting social reintegration. On the other hand, the latter, stable mental life, has been taken up since the end of the 19th century, when industrialization of society had a strong impact on mental health. Crime, delinquency, alcohol abuse, and suicide are the main issues. In addition, depending on the target of mental hygiene activities, it is also called infant mental hygiene, adolescent mental hygiene, geriatric mental hygiene, family mental hygiene, industrial mental hygiene, and community mental hygiene. The World Federation for Mental Health was founded in 1948, and the Japanese Federation for Mental Hygiene in 1952. As a volunteer organization for the purpose of providing relief to people with mental disorders, the Mental Illness Relief Society was founded in 2002 and has the longest history in the world. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
精神障害の予防およびアフターケアと,人々が安定した精神生活をおくれるように取計らうことの2つの意味がある。前者は長い間 mental hygieneと呼ばれていた。これには精神障害の発生率を減少させること,早期発見により有病率を減少させること,社会復帰を促進することの3段階がある。一方,後者の安定した精神生活については,19世紀末以降の産業社会化が精神面に強い影響を与えたことから取上げられるようになった。犯罪,非行,アルコール乱用,自殺などがおもな課題になる。また,精神衛生活動の対象別に,乳幼児精神衛生,青少年精神衛生,老人精神衛生,家族精神衛生,産業精神衛生,地域社会精神衛生などとも呼ばれる。世界精神衛生連盟は 1948年,日本精神衛生連盟は 52年に結成された。精神障害者の救済を目的とするボランティア組織としては 02年に精神病者救治会が結成され,世界でも最も古い歴史をもっている。
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