Splitting one share into several shares to increase the number of shares issued. For example, if one share is split into 10 shares, the number of shares held by the person who held that share will automatically increase by 10 times. If you held 1,000 shares, you would have 10,000 shares. However, while the number of shares doubles, the asset value does not double accordingly. In theory, the value of one share is halved, so the asset value is equal before and after the split. Also, if the dividend per share remains unchanged, it has the same meaning as an increase in dividends for shareholders. In principle, stock splits can be carried out by a resolution of the board of directors. The revised Commercial Code, which came into effect in October 2001, abolished the regulation that net assets per unit after the split must not fall below 50,000 yen, allowing for large-scale stock splits that were not previously permitted. It was expected that stock splits would increase liquidity by increasing the number of shares, and theoretically lower the stock price, thereby broadening the investor base. However, stocks that underwent large stock splits saw a shortage of stocks to sell between the record date for the stock split (the date when the shareholders to whom new shares are allocated are confirmed) and the effective date when the new stock certificates actually arrive in the hands of the shareholders, and there were many cases of wild fluctuations in stock prices. In response to this, in March 2005, the national stock exchanges began to request that companies refrain from large stock splits of more than five times. Furthermore, from January 2006, the period from the record date to the effective date was shortened from the previous approximately 50 days to the effective date, and the effective date became the day after the record date. This made it possible to buy and sell before the new stock certificates arrive in the hands of shareholders. Venture companies that aim to go public often carry out stock splits to raise stock prices in order to maintain management control when seeking investment from venture capitalists and other investors through third-party allotments and other means. Source: E-Consultant IPO Glossary, a company specializing in IPO support Information |
1株をいくつかに分割し、発行済みの株式数を増やすこと。例えば、1株を10株に分割すると、その株式を保有していた人の持ち株数は自動的に10倍になる。1,000株保有していれば10,000株になる。しかし、株数は2倍になるが、それに応じて資産価値も2倍になるかというと、そうではない。理論上、1株の価値は半分になるため、資産価値は分割前後でイコールとなる。また一株当たりの配当を据え置いたままだと、株主にとっては増配と同じ意味を持つ。原則として、株式分割は取締役会の決議で行うことができる。2001年10月施行の改正商法では、分割後の1単位あたりの純資産が5万円を下回ってはならないという規制が撤廃され、従来は認められていなかった大幅な株式分割が可能となった。株式分割により、株数が増えることで流動性が高まり、また理論的に株価が引き下がることによって投資家の裾野が広がるものと期待されたのである。しかしながら大幅な株式分割を行った銘柄は、株主分割の基準日(新株を割り当てる株主を確定する日)から、実際に新株券が株主の手元に届く効力発生日まで売れる株が品薄となり、株価が乱高下するケースも目立つようになった。そこで2005年3月に、5分割を超えるような大幅な株式分割の自粛が全国証券取引所から求められるようなった。そして、さらに2006年1月より、基準日から効力発生日までの期間がこれまでの約50日間から短縮されることとなり、基準日の翌日が効力発生日となった。これにより、新株券が手元に届く前に売買が可能となった。株式公開を目指すベンチャー企業は、第三者割当増資等の手段によりベンチャーキャピタル等の投資家から出資を仰ぐ場合に、経営権の維持を目的として株式分割を実行し株価を上げて実行する場合が多い。
出典 株式公開支援専門会社(株)イーコンサルタント株式公開用語辞典について 情報 |
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