Matsuzaki Kodo

Japanese: 松崎慊堂 - まつざき・こうどう

Year of death: 21 April 1844 (6 June 1844)
Year of birth: September 27, 8th year of Meiwa (November 3, 1771)
A Confucian scholar of the late Edo period. A Confucian scholar of the Kakegawa Domain (Shizuoka Prefecture). His given name was Fukaku, his pen name was Meifukaku, and his pen name was Kakudo. Born into a farming family in Kitakikura Village, Mashiki County, Higo Province (Mifune Town, Kumamoto Prefecture), he shaved his head and became a monk at the age of 10, but at the age of 15 he ran away to Edo to become a Confucian scholar. With the help of a monk from Asakusa Shonen-ji Temple, he became a student of Hayashi Daigakuto Kinpo (Nobutaka), and quickly distinguished himself. When Shosai (Hikari) took over the Hayashi family and reformed the Shoheiko Academy, he competed with Sato Issai in academics at the private school. In 1802, he was invited by Ota Suketoshi, the lord of the Kakegawa Domain, with a stipend of 20 people, and during the reign of his successor, Sukeai, he opened the domain school Hokumon Shoin (the predecessor of Tokuzo Shoin), had Kakudo teach, and also solicited his opinions on domain politics. In 1811, he was asked by Hayashi Shunsai to receive the Korean envoys when they visited Tsushima. After serving the Kakegawa Domain for 10 years, he retired and spent the last 23 years of his life in retirement in Hazawa (Hiroo, Shibuya Ward) on the western outskirts of Edo. In 1842, he was awarded a commendation by the shogunate and given an audience by Shogun Ienari. Kokudo's education initially focused on Zhu Xi school of thought, but at the age of 50 he switched to Chinese studies (Confucianism from the Han dynasty), and advocated understanding the text of the classics without the cumbersome annotations of later generations, and he worked hard to publish a revised version of the classics. In particular, he worked on the project of publishing a revised version of the Kaisei Stone Classic from the Tang dynasty, which was completed in 1849. His writings include the two-volume collection "Kokudo Ibun" and the 24-volume diary "Kokudo Nichireki." He was a gentle and sincere man, and it is well known that during the Bansha no Goku Incident (1839), he wrote a petition for his disciple, Watanabe Kazan, to spare his life, despite his own health and the risk of his own injury.

(Hideo Umezawa)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：弘化1.4.21(1844.6.6)
生年：明和8.9.27(1771.11.3)
江戸後期の儒学者。掛川藩(静岡県)藩儒。名は復,字は明復,慊堂は号。肥後国益城郡北木倉村(熊本県御船町)の農家に生まれ,10歳のとき剃髪して僧になったが,15歳のとき儒学者になるために出奔して江戸に出た。浅草称念寺の僧の世話で林大学頭錦峯(信敬)の門人になり,すぐに頭角を現した。述斎(衡)が林家を継ぎ昌平黌の改革が行われると,その家塾で佐藤一斎と学才を競った。享和2(1802)年掛川藩主太田資俊に20人扶持で招かれ,次の資愛の代には藩校北門書院(徳造書院の前身)を開いて慊堂に教授させ,また藩政についての意見を徴した。文化8(1811)年,朝鮮通信使対馬来聘の際には林述斎の依頼で応接に当たった。掛川藩に10年仕えたのち,致仕して江戸西郊の羽沢(渋谷区広尾)に隠居して晩年の23年間を過ごした。天保13(1842)年,幕府から表彰を受け,将軍家慶に謁見を賜った。慊堂の学は初め朱子学を奉じていたが,50歳のころから漢学(漢代の儒学)に改め,後世の煩瑣な注釈を排して経書の本文を理解することを唱え,経書本文の校訂出版に尽力した。特に唐の開成石経に校訂を加えて出版する事業に取り組み,天保12年に完成した。著書には文集『慊堂遺文』2巻のほか,日記『慊堂日暦』24巻などがある。温厚誠実な人柄で,蛮社の獄(1839)の際に,門人であった渡辺崋山のために自らの危険を顧みず,病をおして助命嘆願書を書いたことは有名である。<参考文献>五弓久文編『事実文編』57巻,高野白哀『大儒松崎慊堂』

(梅澤秀夫)

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