A credit contract with the purpose of transferring functional assets as an organic entity organized for a certain business purpose. A business transfer is a transfer contract and not a legally binding transfer, so in that respect it is different from an inheritance, in which inherited assets are automatically transferred to the deceased, and a merger, in which the rights and obligations of the merged company are automatically inherited by the merging company. The scope of a business transfer does not necessarily have to be the transfer of all assets that make up the business, and as long as the identity of the business is recognized, it is a transfer of the business even if there are some changes to the assets that make up the business. It is also possible to transfer only a branch office that is recognized as an independent business entity centered on the business office, or to separate and transfer one of the business offices that make up the business. With the transfer of a business, the parties are obligated to transfer various assets belonging to the business, and the transferor must take measures to allow the transferee to use facts that have financial value (for example, customers, business secrets, etc.). In addition, the Commercial Code imposes a duty to refrain from competing with the transferee to a certain extent in order to prevent the transferor of a business from resuming the same type of business as the one transferred and entering into a competitive relationship with the transferee, which would invalidate the business transfer (Article 16 of the Commercial Code). In addition, in order to assert the business transfer against a third party, the respective requirements for assertion must be met, such as delivery for movable property, registration for real property, and registration for intellectual property rights. The Company Law enacted in June 2005 renamed the business transfer of a company to a business transfer and included detailed provisions on this matter (Articles 21-23 of the Company Law, and Articles 467-470 and Article 309, Paragraph 2, Item 11 for joint-stock companies). The Antimonopoly Law imposes certain restrictions on business transfers to prevent them from causing monopolies or restricting competition (Article 16). [Toda Shuzo] [Reference] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
一定の営業目的により組織づけられた有機的一体としての機能的財産の移転を目的とする債権契約。営業譲渡は譲渡契約であって、法律上当然の移転ではないから、その点で、相続財産が被相続人に当然移転する相続や、被合併会社の権利義務が合併会社に当然包括承継される会社の合併とは区別される。営業譲渡の範囲は、かならずしも営業を構成する全財産の譲渡でなければならないわけではなく、営業の同一性が認められる限りこれを構成する財産に若干の変更があっても、営業の譲渡となる。営業所を中心に有機的な一単位として独立した営業の存在が認められる支店だけの譲渡、または営業を構成する営業所のうち、1個の営業所の分離譲渡も可能である。営業の譲渡によって、当事者においては、営業に属する各種の財産を移転する義務が生じ、財産的価値ある事実関係については(たとえば得意先、営業上の秘訣(ひけつ)など)、譲渡人は譲受人にこれを利用しうるような措置を講ずる必要がある。また、営業の譲渡人が譲渡した営業と同種の営業を再開して、譲受人と競業関係に入り、営業譲渡の実効性を失わしめることを防止するために、商法は一定の範囲内において譲渡人に競業避止義務を課している(商法16条)。また、営業譲渡を第三者に対抗させるためには、動産については引渡し、不動産の場合は登記、知的財産権については登録など、それぞれの対抗要件を備えなければならない。なお、会社の営業譲渡については、2005年(平成17)6月に成立した会社法で、事業譲渡と改称するとともに、これに関する詳細な規定を置いている(会社法21~23条、株式会社につき467~470条・309条2項11号)。独占禁止法は、事業譲渡により独占や競争制限をもたらすことのないよう、一定の規制を加えている(16条)。 [戸田修三] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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