This law aims to comprehensively manage rivers to prevent disasters caused by floods and high tides, to ensure their proper use, and to maintain the normal function of flowing water, thereby contributing to the conservation and development of the nation. Law No. 167, 1964. The old law (Law No. 71, 1896) was incomplete and incomplete overall, as it placed emphasis on flood control rather than on water utilization, in response to flood control policies based on embankment construction to prevent flooding. In particular, with the development of the Japanese economy, hydroelectric power generation projects and water utilization projects for modern heavy chemical industries became popular, and the adjustment of interests between flood control and conventional irrigation water rights and driftwood rights for agriculture, forestry, and fisheries became a major issue. In order to meet the demands of the new era, several attempts were made to completely revise the River Law, but after about 70 years, the current law was enacted and promulgated in 1964 and came into effect in 1965. The current River Law stipulates that (1) rivers are designated as either Class 1 or Class 2 rivers according to their water system, and in principle, Class 1 rivers are managed by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, and Class 2 rivers by prefectural governors, (2) river management includes detailed regulations on river works, river use and river regulations, particularly water use adjustment and disaster prevention for dams, and (3) river-related expenses are, in principle, to be borne by the national government for Class 1 rivers and by the prefecture in which the river is located for Class 2 rivers. However, parts of the River Law are applied mutatis mutandis to rivers other than those designated by the mayors of cities, towns and villages. [Saburo Miyata] [Reference items] | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
河川について、洪水、高潮等による災害発生の防止、河川の適正な利用および流水の正常な機能の維持のために河川を総合的に管理し、これにより国土の保全と開発に寄与することを目的とする法律。昭和39年法律第167号。旧法(明治29年法律71号)は、洪水の氾濫(はんらん)を防御する堤防工事を基本とする治水政策に対応して、河川の利水よりは治水に重点を置き、全体として不備・不完全なものであった。とくに、日本経済の発展に伴い、水力発電事業や近代的重化学工業の利水事業が盛んになり、農業、林業、漁業などの治水および慣行的灌漑(かんがい)用水利権、流木権などとの利害調整が大きな問題となった。そこで、新しい時代の要請にこたえるため、河川法の全面的改正が数度にわたり試みられたが、約70年を経て、1964年(昭和39)成立・公布され、65年から施行されたのが現行法である。 現行の河川法は、(1)河川の種類を水系ごとに一級河川、二級河川に指定し、一級河川は国土交通大臣、二級河川は都道府県知事が管理にあたることを原則とし、(2)河川の管理については、河川工事、河川の使用および河川に関する規制、とくに水利調整、ダムの防災などに関する詳細な規定を置き、(3)河川に関する費用については、原則として、一級河川にかかわるものは国、二級河川にかかわるものはその河川の存する都道府県の負担とすること、などについての定めを設けている。なお、これらの河川以外の河川で、市町村長が指定するものには、河川法の一部が準用される。 [宮田三郎] [参照項目] | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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