Woofa [company] - Woofa

Japanese: ウーファ[会社] - うーふぁ
Woofa [company] - Woofa

...This incident marked a turning point in the social appreciation of film, and writers and theater people began to cooperate.German cinema took its first steps from "Kientopp" (activity) to "Kino" (film) and then to "Filmkunst" (film art) before the First World War.
[The Golden Age: From the Founding of UFA to Expressionist Film]
In contrast to other European countries, German cinema, which had to become self-sufficient after the import of foreign films ceased, was invigorated and flourished by the war. With the active support of the military and the munitions industry trust for the purpose of war propaganda, UFA (Universum-Film AG) was founded in December 1917 by merging the leading production companies of the time. This company came to dominate German cinema and determine the direction of German cinema thereafter.

From Talkie Movies

...This "hopeless adventure" was a huge success as a measure to overcome the crisis, and talkies inadvertently spread throughout the world. The conversion of movies to talkies was a fundamental technological innovation, and required huge investments in patent royalties for sound technology, machinery, and equipment, which rapidly promoted the sophistication of film capital through ties with finance capital, completely changing the industrial structure of film, and leading to Wall Street directly controlling Hollywood (In Germany, too, a phenomenon occurred in which heavy industry capital in the Ruhr region, which had an interest in film, took control of Ufa through the Hugenberg Foundation). Stars who could not adapt to the new "world of sound" (for example, stars with good looks but bad voices) and directors were doomed to failure, and because it was a major revolution that required a complete rewrite of the silent film system, while new talent was brought in from the theater world, there were fears that it would lead to the "canned stage play" seen in the early days of film, and there were also strong voices of opposition to the destruction of the visual art unique to silent films that had been developed over the past 30 years, such as those of Chaplin and Rene Clair.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "Woofa [company]" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…それを機に映画の社会的評価が高まり,作家や演劇人たちが協力しはじめ,ドイツ映画は〈キーントップKientopp(活動)〉から〈キノKino(映画)〉,さらに〈フィルムクンストFilmkunst(映画芸術)〉への第1歩を踏みだして,第1次大戦を迎えた。
[黄金時代――ウーファ社の設立から表現主義映画へ]
 外国映画の輸入がとだえて自給自足しなければならなかったドイツ映画は,他のヨーロッパ諸国とは反対に,戦争によってかえって活性化し盛んになった。戦争宣伝の目的のために軍部や軍需工業トラストの積極的な支援を受けて,1917年12月,当時の有力な製作会社を合併したウーファUFA(Universum‐Film AG)が設立され,ドイツ映画を支配するとともに,その後のドイツ映画の方向を決定づけることになった。…

【トーキー映画】より

…この〈絶望的な冒険〉は,危機打開の対策として大成功し,はからずもトーキーは全世界に広まることとなったのである。 映画のトーキー化は,根本的な技術革新であったから,発声技術のパテント使用料,機械設備など莫大な投資が必要であり,そのため金融資本との結びつきによる映画資本の高度化を急激に促進し,映画の産業的構造を一変して,ウォール街が直接ハリウッドを支配することになった(なお,ドイツでも,映画に着目したルール地方の重工業資本がフーゲンベルク財団を通じてウーファ社を支配するという現象が起こっている)。 新しい〈音声の世界〉に適合できないスター(たとえば容姿端麗でも声の悪いスター)や監督たちは落の運命をたどり,またサイレント映画の体系を根本から書き改めなければならない一大革命であったため,演劇界から新しい人材が導入される半面,映画の初期に見られた〈舞台劇の缶詰化〉となることが危惧され,チャップリンやルネ・クレールのように,30年間にわたって開拓されてきたサイレント映画ならではの視覚芸術が破壊されることに反対する声も強かった。…

※「ウーファ[会社]」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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