A type of turbo pump, this pump has a spiral passage (volute chamber) on the outside of the rotating impeller. Water enters the impeller from the suction port in the center, and is given energy by the impeller through the centrifugal action of the rotation, flowing out to the outer periphery at high speed and pressure, passing through the volute chamber and reaching the pump outlet. There are two types: diffuser pumps (also called turbine pumps), which are equipped with guide vanes to convert the kinetic energy of the high-speed water leaving the impeller into pressure energy, and volute pumps, in which water from the impeller flows directly into the volute chamber. Sometimes only the latter, which does not have guide vanes, is called a volute pump, in which case both are collectively called centrifugal pumps. Diffuser pumps are suitable for high heads. When the head is particularly large, a multi-stage system is used in which multiple impellers are attached to one shaft and the water leaving the first stage guide vane is guided to the inlet of the second stage impeller. Centrifugal pumps are most widely used in industry for drainage, boiler feed water at power plants, water supply and sewage, mining, the chemical industry, and other purposes. Pumps with improved blades that are particularly resistant to wear and corrosion are suitable for transporting muddy water, sewage, pulp mixtures, gravel, coal, etc., and pumps with fewer blades and a larger water flow area inside the impeller are used to transport fish, oranges, and other water along with water. [Shigeru Ikeo] [Reference item] |©Shogakukan "> Types and Structure of Centrifugal Pumps Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
ターボ形ポンプの一種で、回転する羽根車の外側に渦巻形の通路(渦形室)のあるポンプをいう。水は中心部の吸込み口から羽根車に入り、回転による遠心作用によって羽根車からエネルギーを与えられ、高速・高圧となって外周部へ流出し、渦形室を通ってポンプ出口に達する。羽根車を出た高速の水のもつ運動エネルギーを圧力のエネルギーに変換するために案内羽根を備えたディフューザーポンプ(タービンポンプともいう)と、羽根車からの水が直接渦形室へ流れ込むボリュートポンプの2種類がある。案内羽根を備えていない後者だけを渦巻ポンプとよぶこともあり、そのときには両者を総称して遠心ポンプという。 ディフューザーポンプは高揚程に適する。とくに揚程の大きいときには、1本の軸に複数個の羽根車を取り付け、第1段の案内羽根を出た水を第2段羽根車の入口に導くというような多段式が用いられる。渦巻ポンプは排水用、発電所のボイラー給水用、上下水道用、鉱山用、化学工業用など産業界でもっとも多く使用されている。羽根を改良し、摩耗や腐食にとくに耐えるようにしたものは、泥水、汚水、パルプ混液、砂礫(されき)、石炭などの輸送に適し、また羽根数を少なくし、羽根車内の水の流路面積を大きくしたものは、魚やミカンなどを水とともに運搬するのに使用されている。 [池尾 茂] [参照項目] |©Shogakukan"> 渦巻ポンプの種類と構造 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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