A German noble family that ruled Bavaria from around the 10th century. The family's origins date back to Count Schaerner, who moved to Wittelsbach Castle in 1115 and took the name Wittelsbach after the castle. In 1214, the family gained control of the Rhine-Palatinate. From 1329 to 1777, the family split into a Bavarian branch (Elector in 1623) and a Palatinate branch (Elector in 1356). During the Reformation, the family suppressed the Lutherans and fought the Counter-Reformation alongside the Habsburgs. From the end of the 16th century until 1761, the Bavarian branch held the title of Archbishop of Cologne and Elector. During the Napoleonic era, the family expanded its territory by allied with France, and in 1806 it was granted the title of King, ruling the Kingdom of Bavaria until 1918. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
10世紀頃からバイエルンを支配したドイツ貴族の家門。家系の由来は,シャヤーン伯が,1115年ウィッテルスバハ城に移ってから,城の名を取ってウィッテルスバハと称したことから始る。 1214年ライン=ファルツ伯領をも支配下に入れた。 1329~1777年バイエルン系 (1623年選帝侯) とファルツ系 (1356年選帝侯) に分離した。宗教改革の時代にルター派を押えて,ハプスブルク家と並んで対抗宗教改革運動 (→反宗教改革 ) を行なった。 16世紀末より 1761年までケルン大司教兼選帝侯位はバイエルン系によって独占された。ナポレオン時代にフランスと手を結んで領土を拡大し,1806年王の称号を得,1918年までバイエルン王国を統治した。
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