Semenov

Russian physical chemist. Graduated from Petrograd University in 1917. After working at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute in 1920, he became director of the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1931. He became a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1932, and from 1944 he also served as a professor at Moscow State University and as vice president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1963-1971). He founded chemical physics in the former Soviet Union and trained many successors. He proposed the existence of chain explosions in addition to thermal explosions in explosive reactions and proved it experimentally (1927-1928). He also created a general theory of branched and non-branched chain reactions. For these studies, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1956, along with SCN Hinshelwood from the UK. He went on to elucidate the reaction mechanisms of many chain reactions and radical reactions.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

ロシアの物理化学者．1917年ペトログラード大学卒業．1920年レニングラード物理工学研究所に勤務したのち，1931年ソ連科学アカデミー化学物理研究所所長．1932年ソ連科学アカデミー正会員となり，1944年からモスクワ国立大学教授も兼任し，ソ連科学アカデミー副総裁も務めた(1963～1971年)．旧ソ連での化学物理学を創始し，多くの後継者を育てた．爆発反応で熱爆発のほか連鎖爆発が存在することを提唱し，実験的に証明した(1927～1928年)．さらに分枝型と非分枝型の連鎖反応の一般理論をつくった．これらの研究で，1956年イギリスのS.C.N. Hinshelwood(ヒンシェルウッド)とともにノーベル化学賞を受賞．その後も，多数の連鎖反応，ラジカル反応の反応機構を解明した．

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