…Inmunitas was a legal term in the late ancient Roman Empire that meant exemption from various public charges, but in the Frankish Kingdom it mainly came to refer to the special state status of ecclesiastical estates. From the first half of the 7th century, kings granted inmunitate privileges to monasteries and other monasteries, prohibiting public officials from entering their estates outside the jurisdiction of official judicial power, exercising compulsory powers, and collecting public taxes (no entry), and allowing the church to exercise these powers either by itself or through a vogt (church guardian). In effect, ecclesiastical lords were granted a status similar to that of a graf (count) within their estates, but conversely, the king, by this measure, was creating a hole in the general governing structure of the state. … *Some of the terminology explanations that refer to "letters of inmunicate privilege" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…インムニタスは,古代末期のローマ帝国では,諸種の公的負担からの免除を意味する法技術的用語であったが,フランク王国では主として教会大所領の特別な国制上の地位を表すようになる。7世紀前半いらい,国王は諸修道院などにインムニテート特権状を与え,その所領を公的裁判権力の管轄外において公吏の立入り,強制権の行使,公課の徴収を禁ずる(不輸不入)とともに,そうした諸権限を教会が自ら,またはフォークト(教会守護)を通じて行使することを認めた。教会領主はその所領内において,事実上,グラーフ(伯)に近い地位を認められたことになるが,逆にいえば国王はこの措置により国家の一般的統治組織に自ら穴をあけているわけである。… ※「インムニテート特権状」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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