Gakukan-in

During the Heian period, this was a university school for the Tachibana clan. It is also written as Gakukan-in. Tachibana Kachiko, the Empress of Emperor Saga, in collaboration with her elder brother, Minister of the Right Ujikimi (783-848; according to his death, he was the younger brother), opened a school in Junna-in, located north of Ukyo Shijo and west of Nishi-Omiya, during the Jowa period (834-848), and had students of the Tachibana clan learn to read and study Buddhist scriptures. In 964 (Kōhō 1), Yoshifuru requested and was granted the right to set up a university school similar to the Kangaku-in of the Fujiwara clan. Students of the Tachibana clan lived in the school, studied from the school's library, and attended university. Due to the decline of the Tachibana clan, the school fell into disuse, and the position of betto was transferred from the head of the Tachibana clan to the Kujō clan. It seems that it was abolished soon after, and by the time Emperor Goshirakawa ordered the restoration of the temple in 1147 (Kyuan 3), the land had become cultivated land, but the position of Gakukan-in betto and the Gakukan-in estate continued to exist until the Middle Ages.

[Tokuro Otsuka September 19, 2017]

"Research on the Ancient Educational System by Momo Hiroyuki (1947, Meguro Shoten)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

平安時代橘(たちばな)氏のための大学別曹(べっそう)。学官院とも書く。嵯峨(さが)天皇の皇后橘嘉智子(かちこ)が兄の右大臣氏公(うじきみ)（783―848。薨伝(こうでん)では弟）と図って、承和(じょうわ)（834～848）年中に、右京四条の北、西大宮の西にあった淳和(じゅんな)院の中に学舎を開いて、橘氏出身者に経書を読み習わせた。964年（康保1）好古(よしふる)が藤原氏の勧学院に準じて、大学別曹とすることを願い許された。橘氏出身の学生が寄宿し、蔵書で学び、大学に通った。橘氏の不振により衰え、別当職も橘氏の氏長者(うじのちょうじゃ)から九条家に移った。まもなく廃止されたらしく、1147年（久安3）後白河(ごしらかわ)法皇がこの院の再興を命じたときには、その地は耕田になっていたという。しかし、学館院別当職と学館院領とは中世まで存続していた。

［大塚徳郎　2017年9月19日］

『桃裕行著『上代学制の研究』（1947・目黒書店）』

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