Shoulder

Japanese: 肩 - かた

[1] 〘 noun 〙① The upper part of the joint where the arm and body join. ※Kojiki (712) vol. 1 “The shoulder of the deer of the heavenly kazan is pulled out by pulling it out . ” ※Tales of Ise (early 10th century) vol. 2-3 “The hair is too stiff for a king, so who can help him?” ② The upper part of an animal’s front leg or a bird’s wing, where it is connected to the body. ※Kojidan (c. 1212-15) vol. 4 “The hawk (abbreviated) explores around the shoulder.” ③ The part of clothing that touches the shoulder. ※Man’yoshu (late 8th century) vol. 7-1265 “The shoulder of the maiden of Niijima- no-kami who is leaving this year is slipping. Who can see it?” ※Uji Shui (c. 1221) vol. 1 “The kariginu of the same color has fallen a little.” ④ The part of the human body that corresponds to ① on objects, mountains, roads, etc. (a) A flat area like that in ①, a little below the summit. *Tayama Katai, Thirty Years in Tokyo (1917), K and T: "Ah, that's the shoulder of Mt. N." (b) In a mine, the upper part of a vein or layer that slopes. (c) The name of a fishing net. The part where buoys are attached. (d) In a regulated verse, the third and fourth lines. They form a couplet. The fifth and sixth lines are called the "koshi no tai" (cow pair). *Santai Shi Soinsho (1622), 3: "The four middle lines have the opportunity for intonation. A pair of shoulders is depressed, and a pair of waists is raised." ⑤ In a Japanese ship, this refers to the width of the center part where the mast stands (the position of the koshiate funabari (cow-support beam) ). It is almost the maximum width of the hull, and is the standard for the hull dimensions. It can also be used to refer to the width of each beam position, not just the center. [Wakan Senyoshu (1766)] ⑥ The right side of the top of something. *Notice No. 1 from the Ministry of Education, January 12, 1876 (Meiji 9) "However, in order to determine the affiliation, from now on, requests submitted to the teaching authorities must include the character for which branch of Shinto is written on the shoulder of the job title." ⑦ The beginning of something. The first. Initially. → From the shoulder. ⑧ The strength to carry something. Also, the strength to throw something. "Lend me your shoulder" "A good shoulder" ⑨ The burden that is being carried. Also, the burden. Responsibility. *Zappai, Kotatsu Biraki (1738) "When I'm old, I carry my car like this because it's the shoulder of my past . " ⑩ Assistance. Favoritism. Ally. → To have a shoulder. *Hon Mokyu Sho, published in the Kan'ei period (around 1529), 8 "Emperor Wu tried to depose Empress Jia, but Xunxu and others prevented it from happening." ⑪ (This is based on a popular belief in the Avatamsaka Sutra, the Ten Kings Sutra, etc. that a Gushojin (a god of multi-birth) resides within and controls destiny. There are two gods, a male and a female; the male god is called "Dongyang" and sits on a person's left shoulder, recording their good deeds, while the female god is called "Dongsheng" and sits on a person's right shoulder, recording their bad deeds. They are commonly believed to be gods who sit at the side of King Enma , interrogating criminals and recording their crimes.) Luck. Fate. → Good shoulder ①, bad shoulder ①. ⑫ In Go, the diagonal position towards the center of the board in relation to a single stone. ⑬ Abbreviation of "Katamikka (three days on the shoulder)." ※Sakehon・Gaikoku Tsucho (1804) "The guest of the kata, I think of the three days of the adonis flower with great sincerity" ⑭ Abbreviation of "kataginu (shoulder garment)". ※Kabuki・Gosetsu Kanjincho (1773) Shitatsu "In the form of a Kashima message, with a white cloth draped over his shoulders" [2] [ Suffix ] Used to count the number of people carrying palanquins. Often becomes "gata" with rendaku. ※Ukiyo-zoshi・Amorous Two-generation Man (1684) 2 "The figure he once had suddenly become the head minister, and he immediately climbed onto the three-layered shoulders from the tatami mat."

kata-su [shoulder]

⇒ Shoulder

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① 腕とからだとが続く関節の上部。※古事記（712）上「天の香山の真男鹿の肩(かた)を内抜(うつぬ)きに抜きて」※伊勢物語（１０Ｃ前）二三「くらべこし振分髪もかたすぎぬ君ならずして誰かあぐべき」② 獣の前脚、鳥の翼の、からだにつながっている、関節の上の部分。※古事談（1212‐15頃）四「鷹〈略〉肩さきの程探り廻はりて」③ 衣服の、肩に当たる部分。※万葉（８Ｃ後）七・一二六五「今年ゆく新島守が麻衣肩(かた)のまよひは誰かとり見む」※宇治拾遺（1221頃）一「おなじ色の狩衣のかたすこしおちたるに」④ 器物や山、道などで、人体の①に相当する部分。(イ) 山頂から少し下がった所で、①のように平らになった所。※東京の三十年（1917）〈田山花袋〉ＫとＴ「あ、あれが、Ｎ岳の肩だな」(ロ) 鉱山で、鉱脈または鉱層の傾斜に従い、上部にある部分。(ハ) 魚網の部分の名称。浮標を付ける部分。(ニ) 律詩で、第三と第四の句。対句をなす。第五と第六の句を腰の対という。※三体詩素隠抄（1622）三「中間の四句に抑揚の機あり。肩の一対は、抑腰の一対は揚なり」⑤ 和船で、帆柱の立つ中央部（腰当船梁(こしあてふなばり)の位置）の横幅をいう。船体のほぼ最大幅にあたり、船体寸法の基準となる。また、中央部ばかりではなく各船梁位置の幅にいうこともある。〔和漢船用集（1766）〕⑥ 物の上部の右側。※教部省布達第一号‐明治九年（1876）一月一二日「但所属相定候上は自今教導筋に付差出候願伺届には必職名之肩へ神道第何部の字を記載可致事」⑦ 物事のはじめ。最初。当初。→肩から。⑧ 物をかつぐ力。また、物を投げる力。「肩を貸す」「肩がいい」⑨ かついでいる荷物。また、その負担。責任。※雑俳・火燵びらき（1738）「老て駕かくは其身の過去の肩(カタ)」⑩ 助力。ひいき。味方。→肩を持つ。※寛永刊本蒙求抄（1529頃）八「武帝は賈皇后を廃せうとせられたれども、荀勗等がかたをして廃せられぬやうにしたぞ」⑪ (倶生神(ぐしょうじん)が宿っていて運命を支配するという華厳経、十王経などの俗信による。この神には、男女二神があり、男神を「同名」といって、人の左肩にいて善業を記録し、女神を「同生」といって、人の右肩にいて悪業を記録するという。俗には閻魔(えんま)大王の側にいて罪人を訊問し、その罪状を記録する神とする) 運。運命。→肩が良い①・肩が悪い①。⑫ 囲碁で、一個の石に対する盤の中央寄りの斜めの位置。⑬ 「かたみっか（肩三日）」の略。※洒落本・外国通唱（1804）「かたの客大せつに思ふも三日福寿草」⑭ 「かたぎぬ（肩衣）」の略。※歌舞伎・御摂勧進帳（1773）四立「鹿島の事触れの形(なり)にて、白張の肩ばかり掛けて」[2] 〘接尾〙駕籠などをかつぐ人数を数えるのに用いる。多く連濁で「がた」となる。※浮世草子・好色二代男（1684）二「ありし姿は忽に本大臣となって、畳よりすぐに三枚肩に乗うつれば」