This refers to funds borrowed by the national and local governments to cover temporary cash shortfalls during a fiscal year. Such cash shortfalls arise from factors such as a timing difference between income and expenditure. Since they are primarily for temporary cash flow management, they must be repaid within the fiscal year, and are therefore distinct from government bonds, which are borrowed for more than one fiscal year. For the national government, the maximum amount of borrowing must be set out in the general budget provisions and approved by the Diet (Article 7 of the Financial Law), and borrowing is permitted not only in the general account but also in special accounts (food control, foreign exchange funds, etc.). For local governments, the maximum amount must also be set out in the budget, and must be repaid within the fiscal year (Article 235-3 of the Local Autonomy Law). However, for local public enterprises, if they are unable to repay within the fiscal year, they are permitted to refinance within a maximum of one year (Article 29 of the Local Public Enterprise Law). [Tetsuya Hitosugi] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国や地方公共団体が、会計年度内の一時的な現金の不足をまかなうために借り入れる資金をいう。このような現金の不足は収入と支出の時期的なずれなどから生じる。本来、一時的な資金繰りのためのものであるから、年度内に償還しなければならず、一会計年度以上にわたって借り入れる公債と区別される。国にあっては、その借入最高額は予算総則上に記して国会の議決を経なければならず(財政法7条)、また一般会計だけでなく特別会計(食糧管理、外国為替(かわせ)資金など)でも認められている。地方公共団体においても、その最高額は予算上に定めなければならず、また年度内に償還しなければならない(地方自治法235条の3)。ただし地方公営企業においては、年度内に償還できない場合には、1年を限度として借換えが認められている(地方公営企業法29条)。 [一杉哲也] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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