A fibrous mineral that is naturally mined in mines and is mainly composed of silicate. It has excellent heat resistance, heat retention, fire resistance, soundproofing, and abrasion resistance, and is easy to process into threads or cloth. It is inexpensive, so it was used in large quantities for building materials, ships, pipes, valves, automobile brakes, etc. In the 1960s, the occurrence of lung cancer and mesothelioma caused by asbestos was confirmed, and in 1972 the International Labor Organization (ILO) officially recognized asbestos as an occupational cancer, and in 1975 the use of sprayed asbestos was banned in Japan. In 1987, the use of asbestos in elementary and junior high school buildings nationwide became an issue, but no fundamental measures were taken. In 1995, the import and manufacture of highly carcinogenic blue asbestos and brown asbestos were banned, and in 2005 white asbestos was also banned in principle. Asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma caused by inhaling asbestos dust have a latency period of 10 to 50 years. A total of 10 million tons of asbestos was imported in the past, with 300,000 tons being imported and used annually in the 1970s and 1980s in particular. Professor Murayama Takehiko of Waseda University predicts that 100,000 people will die from mesothelioma over the next 40 years. (Akiro Hata, Professor, Graduate School of Business Administration, Osaka City University / 2007) Source : "Chiezo" published by Asahi Shimbun Publications Co., Ltd. About Chiezo |
天然に鉱山で採掘され、ケイ酸塩を主成分とする繊維状の鉱物。耐熱性、保温性、防火性、防音性、耐磨耗性などに優れ、糸状や布状に加工しやすく、安価なので、建材、船舶、パイプ、バルブ、自動車のブレーキなどに大量に使用された。1960年代にアスベストによる肺がんや中皮腫の発生が確認され、72年に国際労働機関(ILO)がアスベストによる職業がんを公認、日本では75年に吹き付けアスベストの使用が禁止された。87年に全国の小中学校の建物でのアスベスト使用が問題となったが、根本的な対策は取られなかった。95年に発がん性の高い青石綿と茶石綿が輸入・製造禁止、2005年からは白石綿も原則禁止となった。アスベスト粉じんの吸入により発症するアスベスト肺、肺がん、中皮腫などは、10〜50年の潜伏期間がある。過去に輸入されたアスベストは、1000万tにのぼり、とくに1970〜80年代には毎年30万tを輸入使用しており、村山武彦早稲田大学教授は、今後40年間に10万人の中皮腫死亡者が出ると予測している。
(畑明郎 大阪市立大学大学院経営学研究科教授 / 2007年) 出典 (株)朝日新聞出版発行「知恵蔵」知恵蔵について 情報 |
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