These works share a common harsh attitude of exposing reality, an extremely documentary-like filming method, poor protagonists, mainly amateurs, location-based filming, improvisational direction (no simultaneous recording, all dialogue was dubbed), use of real slang and dialects, few close-ups and many long shots, etc. People called them "neorealism," meaning the birth of a new realism. In America, this was also called "Italian realism." The founders of Neorealism are said to be the three mentioned above: Rossellini, De Sica, and Visconti. Others who followed them include Aldo Vergano (The Sun Also Rises) (1946), Pietro Germi (1914-74) (The Law of the Outlaws) (1949), Alberto Lattuada (1914- ) (The Mill on the River Po) (1949), Giuseppe De Santis (Embrace of the Wilderness) (1947), and Luigi Zampa (1905-91) (Living in Peace) (1946). *Some of the terminology that refers to "Italian Realism" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…これらの作品に共通する現実告発の厳しい態度ときわめてドキュメンタリー的な撮影方法,主人公は貧しく,主としてしろうとを使い,ロケを主体とする現場主義,即興的演出(同時録音はせずに,せりふもすべてアフレコだった),生きたスラングや方言の採用,さらにクローズアップを少なく,ロング・ショットを多用したこと等々に対して,人々は新しいリアリズムの誕生という意味で〈ネオレアリズモ〉と呼んだ。なおアメリカではこれを〈イタリアン・リアリズム〉ともいった。 〈ネオレアリズモ〉の創始者は前記のロッセリーニ,デ・シーカ,ビスコンティの3人とされ,その周辺に,《陽はまた昇る》(1946)のアルド・ベルガノ,《無法者の掟》(1949)のピエトロ・ジェルミPietro Germi(1914‐74),《ポー河の水車小屋》(1949)のアルベルト・ラットゥアーダAlberto Lattuada(1914‐ ),《荒野の抱擁》(1947)のジュゼッペ・デ・サンティス,《平和に生きる》(1946)のルイジ・ザンパLuigi Zampa(1905‐91)などがいる。… ※「イタリアン・リアリズム」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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