Isauri; the Dynasty of Isaurus

Japanese: イサウリア朝 - イサウリアちょう（英語表記）Isauri; the Dynasty of Isaurus

A dynasty of the Byzantine Empire (717-802). It was founded by Leo III, a military man from Asia Minor, during the period of chaos following the fall of the Heracliid dynasty. Its emperors were Constantine V, Leo IV, Constantine VI, and Empress Irene, and it is also called the Syrian dynasty because most of its emperors were from Syria. It eventually repelled the Saracen army's siege of the capital, Constantinople, and defended the European cultural sphere from Islamic forces (717-718). It also compiled the Eclogaes (726), the first collection of criminal and private law after the Justinian Code. Under the influence of the Islamic world, it issued the Edict on the Destruction of Images (726), and then issued a ban on icon worship at the Council of Hierarchy (754), which culminated in a conflict with the Pope of Rome. The loss of the Exarchate of Ravenna (751) intensified the schism between the Eastern and Western Churches. The edict on the destruction of icons was lifted by the Seventh Council of Nicaea (787), but the constant fighting with Bulgaria and the Abbasid dynasty, economic difficulties at home, and a coup at court led to the abdication of Empress Irene and the end of the dynasty.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

ビザンチン帝国の王朝 (717～802) 。ヘラクリウス朝滅亡後の混乱期から小アジア出身の軍人レオ3世によって創始された。コンスタンチヌス5世，レオ4世，コンスタンチヌス6世，女帝イレネの諸皇帝を数え，その出身地が大部分シリアであることからシリア朝ともいう。ウマイア朝サラセン軍の首都コンスタンチノープル攻略を最終的に撃退し，ヨーロッパ文化圏をイスラム勢力から防衛 (717～718) ，また『ユスチニアヌス法典』後初めての刑法，私法の集大成『エクロゲ』を編纂 (726) 。イスラム世界の影響下，聖画像破壊令を発布 (726) ，続くヒエリアの公会議 (754) において聖像崇拝の禁止令を発布し，その頂点をきわめ，ローマ教皇とも対立するにいたった。帝国のラベンナ総督領の喪失 (751) により，東西両教会分裂の傾向は一層強まった。聖画像破壊令は第7回ニカイア公会議 (787) で解かれたが，ブルガリア，アッバス朝との絶えざる戦闘，国内での経済的不振のうちに宮廷内のクーデターにより，女帝イレネは退位させられ王朝は滅びた。

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