Allosteric Enzymes - Allosteric Enzymes

Japanese: アロステリック酵素 - アロステリックコウソ
Allosteric Enzymes - Allosteric Enzymes

An enzyme molecule contains an active center that binds to a substrate and catalyzes a chemical reaction, but also has a site that exhibits an allosteric effect by promoting or inhibiting the enzyme's function. A substance that binds to an allosteric site and changes the function of an enzyme is called an effector, and has a different structure from the substrate. It is thought that the effector changes the main structure of the enzyme protein, which in turn changes the function of the enzyme. For example, threonine deaminase uses threonine as a substrate and catalyzes the deamination reaction, but isoleucine and valine bind to the allosteric site as inhibitory and promoting effectors. It plays an important role in regulating complex metabolism in living organisms. Analysis of the reaction rate of enzymes has shown that when the reaction rate of an allosteric enzyme is plotted against the concentration of the substrate, an S-shaped curve is obtained, and the reaction rate often changes synergistically with the concentration of the substrate.

Source: Morikita Publishing "Chemical Dictionary (2nd Edition)" Information about the Chemical Dictionary 2nd Edition

Japanese:

酵素分子中には基質と結合し,化学反応を触媒する活性中心が存在するが,さらに酵素の機能を促進あるいは阻害してアロステリック効果を示す部位をもつ酵素をいう.アロステリック部位に結合し,酵素の機能を変化させる物質をエフェクターといい,基質と構造を異にする.エフェクターは,酵素タンパク質の本体構造を変化させ,その結果,酵素の機能が変化すると考えられている.たとえば,トレオニンデアミナーゼはトレオニンを基質とし,脱アミノ反応を触媒するが,イソロイシン,バリンが阻害および促進エフェクターとしてアロステリック部位に結合する.生体内における複雑な代謝の調節に重要な役割を果たす.酵素の反応速度の解析より,アロステリック酵素は反応速度の基質の濃度に対してプロットすると,S字曲線が得られ,基質の濃度によって反応速度が共同現象的に変化する特徴をもつ場合が多い.

出典 森北出版「化学辞典(第2版)」化学辞典 第2版について 情報

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