…After that, the phase diagrams of all kinds of alloy steels were investigated. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction by A. Westgren of Sweden marked a breakthrough in the study of metal structure. After that, research into the nature of steel, the physicochemical study of metallurgical reactions, and the research into material strength were deepened even further, and progressed in close conjunction with technological improvements. … From [Steel]…In the 20th century, theories of steel hardening and heat treatment progressed rapidly due to the influence of developments in other fields of science and the emergence of new experimental methods, and have become what they are today, but the road was by no means smooth. For example, the so-called "β-iron controversy" over the cause of steel hardening, which began at the end of the 19th century, engulfed metallurgists around the world in a whirlpool, but it was not resolved until 1921, when Sweden's Arne Westgren used X-rays to reveal the lattice types of α-iron, β-iron, γ-iron, and δ-iron. It is now known that the hardening of steel by quenching is due to martensite that forms during cooling. … *Some of the terminology references "Westgren, A." are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…その後はあらゆる合金鋼の状態図が調べられていくのである。さらにスウェーデンのウェストグレンA.WestgrenのX線回折が金属の構造研究の画期となる。その後,鉄鋼の本性の研究,冶金反応の物理化学的研究,材料強度の研究はいよいよ深められ,技術改良と深く結合しながら進行していった。… 【鋼】より…20世紀になると鋼の硬化理論,熱処理論は他分野の科学の発展の影響や新しい実験手段の出現により急速に進歩して今日のものとなるが,その道は決して平たんなものではなかった。たとえば,19世紀末から始まった鋼の硬化の原因に関するいわゆる〈β鉄論争〉は世界中の金属学者をその渦の中にまき込んだが,決着をみたのはスウェーデンのウェストグレンArne WestgrenがX線によりα鉄,β鉄,γ鉄,δ鉄おのおのの格子型を明らかにした1921年になってからであった。現在では焼入れによる鋼の硬化は冷却中に生じるマルテンサイトによることが明らかにされている。… ※「Westgren,A.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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