…Most of the B-grade westerns were series, and were mostly conventional thrillers, crime melodramas, westerns, low comedy, horror and science fiction movies. They were ignored by journalists and critics as "quickies," cheap films made quickly. However, B-grade westerns produced popular cowboy stars who became idols for young boys, such as Buck Jones, Gene Autry, and Roy Rogers. They also produced such stars as Chester Morris, who starred in crime films, Jack Mahoney, who starred in Tarzan films, and actresses such as Evelyn Keith, Nina Foch, and Marie Windsor. In addition, they produced many famous actors, such as Edgar G. Ulmer (The Black Cat, 1934; The Mediterranean Tiger, 1949), Jacques Tourneur (Cat People, 1942; Out of Doubt, 1948), and André De Toth (The Black Cat, 1949). "Untold masterpieces" were created by B-movie directors such as Toth ("Double Barrel" 1947, "Wax Mannequin" 1953) and Rudolph Mate ("The City's Fangs" 1949, "The Last Day on Earth" 1951). The separation of production and distribution due to the antitrust law and the rise of television put an end to the "double feature," and B-movies also declined and disappeared in the mid-1950s (they may be considered to have transformed into television series), but newer "low-budget films" continued to be produced by Allied Artists and American International Pictures (AIP), which were spinoffs of Monogram. In particular, Roger Corman (1926- ) was a remarkable producer and director at AIP. As a director, he made a series of Edgar Allan Poe films, such as The House of Usher (1960) and The Villainess of the Ninja (1963), as well as numerous horror and action films. As a producer, he made low-budget films as a condition, and made a great contribution to nurturing a new generation of filmmakers, including Monte Hellman, Daniel Holler, Francis Coppola, Peter Bogdanovich, Dennis Hopper, and Martin Scorsese, and sending them to Hollywood. *Some of the terminology referenced in "American International Pictures" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…シリーズものが多く,ありきたりのスリラー映画,犯罪メロドラマ,西部劇,低俗喜劇,怪奇・SF映画の類が主で,〈クイッキーquickie(やっつけ)〉と呼ばれる速成の安物映画としてジャーナリズムや批評家からは無視されたが,バック・ジョーンズ,ジーン・オートリー,ロイ・ロジャーズといった少年たちのアイドルになる人気カウボーイスターがB級西部劇から生まれ,犯罪もののチェスター・モリス,ターザン映画のジャック・マホニー,それにイブリン・キース,ニナ・フォック,マリー・ウィンザーといった女優も輩出(B級西部劇からスターになったジョン・ウェインのような例もある),さらにエドガー・ウルマーEdgar G.Ulmer(《黒猫》1934,《地中海の虎》1949),ジャック・ターナーJacques Tourneur(《キャット・ピープル》1942,《信疑の果て》1948),アンドレ・ド・トスAndré De Toth(《復讐の二連銃》1947,《肉の蠟人形》1953),ルドルフ・マテRudolph Mate(《都会の牙》1949,《地球最後の日》1951)といったB級監督によって〈語られざる傑作〉がつくられた。 独占禁止法による製作部門と配給部門の分離,テレビジョンの興隆によって〈2本立て〉が終わりを告げるとともにB級映画も衰退して50年代半ばには姿を消したが(テレビのシリーズものに姿を変えたともみなされよう),モノグラムから派生したアライド・アーチスツやアメリカン・インターナショナル・ピクチャーズ(AIP)でさらに新しい〈低額予算映画〉が製作されつづけた。とくに,その後のAIPにおける製作者,監督としてのロジャー・コーマンRoger Corman(1926‐ )の活躍はめざましく,監督として《アッシャー家の惨劇》(1960),《忍者と悪女》(1963)など〈エドガー・アラン・ポーもの〉の連作をはじめ数々の怪奇映画やアクション映画をつくるとともに,プロデューサーとして〈低額予算映画〉を条件とすることにより,モンテ・ヘルマン,ダニエル・ホラー,フランシス・コッポラ,ピーター・ボグダノビッチ,デニス・ホッパー,マーティン・スコセッシなど新しい世代の〈映画作家〉を育てハリウッドに送った功績は大きい。… ※「アメリカン・インターナショナル・ピクチャーズ」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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