American Industrial Revolution

Japanese: アメリカ産業革命 - あめりかさんぎょうかくめい
American Industrial Revolution


[Changes in the theory of the Industrial Revolution]
The term "industrial revolution" itself was used by K. Marx and A. de Tocqueville of France, but it was established as a strict academic term in the 1880s by A. Toynbee, a British social reformer. While teaching at Cambridge, Toynbee was active in improving slums in the East End of London, and his name is still preserved in Toynbee Hall. For him, the "industrial revolution" meant the sudden and great transformation from a rural society to a capitalist industrial society in the second half of the 18th century, that is, from the accession of George III to the throne to the first half of the 19th century, that is, the mechanization and motorization of production activities, the spread of the factory system, the resulting establishment of industrial cities, and the rise of a class of industrial capitalists and factory workers.

*Some of the terms used in reference to the "American Industrial Revolution" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:


【産業革命論の変遷】
 〈産業革命〉という言葉そのものは,K.マルクスやフランスのA.deトックビルらによっても用いられたが,厳密な学術用語としては,1880年代になってイギリスの社会改良家A.トインビーによって確立させられた。トインビーは,ケンブリッジで教鞭をとるかたわら,ロンドンのイースト・エンドなどのスラム改良に活躍した人物で,今もトインビー・ホールにその名をとどめている。彼にとって〈産業革命〉とは,18世紀後半,つまりジョージ3世登位以降,19世紀前半までのイギリスが,生産活動の機械化・動力化,工場制の普及,その結果としての工業都市の成立,産業資本家層と工場労働者の階層の勃興など,農村社会から資本主義的工業社会へ〈急激に〉大転換を遂げたことを意味した。…

※「アメリカ産業革命」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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