Fire alarm - Fire alarm

Japanese: 火災警報 - かさいけいほう
Fire alarm - Fire alarm

Based on Article 22 of the Fire Service Act, this is a warning issued by the mayor of a city, town, or village when a large fire is likely to occur. Article 22 of the Fire Service Act also stipulates that when weather conditions are deemed dangerous from the perspective of fire prevention, the head of the Meteorological Agency, meteorological observatory, or weather station shall report the situation to the prefectural governor, who shall then report it to the mayor of the city, town, or village.

The standards for issuing a fire warning vary from city to city, town to town, but generally they are set when the effective humidity (the cumulative amount of relative humidity from the previous few days multiplied by a coefficient that decreases the further back in time; used as an indicator of the dryness of wood and other materials) is below 60%, the minimum humidity is below 40%, and the maximum wind speed exceeds 7 meters per second, or when winds averaging 10 meters per second or more are expected to blow continuously for more than an hour.

The most typical weather for which a fire warning is issued is when Japan is covered by a mobile high pressure system in early spring, followed by a period of dry, clear weather, followed by the development of a low pressure system centered over the Sea of ​​Japan. When this pressure distribution occurs, strong southerly winds blow across the entire mainland, and on the Sea of ​​Japan side, this air current crosses the mountains, making it even drier, making large fires particularly likely to occur on that side. In mountainous areas, there is a risk of fire if the humidity falls below 50%, and it becomes difficult to extinguish fires when it falls below 30%.

The Fire Prevention Ordinance stipulates the following general precautions and prohibitions when a fire alarm is issued: (1) Do not light fires in forests or fields, (2) Do not make bonfires or play with fire, (3) Do not consume fireworks, (4) Do not smoke near flammable or explosive items or other combustible materials, (5) Put out embers (including cigarettes), ashes, or sparks, and (6) When using an open flame indoors, keep windows and entrances closed.

[Junkichi Nemoto and Takashi Aoki]

[Reference] | Fire | Weather station | Japan Meteorological Agency | Humidity | Fire Service Act | Weather station

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

消防法第22条に基づき、大火が発生しやすいときに市町村長が発令する警報である。消防法第22条には、火災の予防上危険である気象状況であると認められたときに気象庁や気象台、または測候所の長は都道府県知事にその状況を通報し、都道府県知事はそれを市町村長に通報することも定められている。

 火災警報の発令される基準は市町村によって異なるが、おおむね実効湿度(数日前からの相対湿度を、時間がさかのぼるほど小さい係数をかけて積算した量。木材などの乾燥の目安となる)が60%以下で、最低湿度が40%を割り、最大風速が毎秒7メートルを超えるとき、もしくは平均毎秒10メートル以上の風が1時間以上連続して吹く見込みのときとされている。

 火災警報が発せられるもっとも典型的な天気は、春先、日本が移動性高気圧に覆われ、乾燥した晴天が続いたのち、日本海に中心のある低気圧の発達する場合である。この気圧配置になると、本土全域にわたり強い南風が吹き、日本海側ではこの気流が山越えになるためにさらに乾燥し、とくに日本海側では大火が起きやすくなる。また山岳地帯では湿度が50%を割ると火災の危険があり、30%以下になると消火が困難な状態になる。

 火災警報が発令されたときの一般的な注意ならびに禁止事項は、火災予防条例により次のように定められている。(1)山林、原野等で火入れをしないこと、(2)たき火、火遊びをしないこと、(3)煙火を消費しないこと、(4)引火性または爆発性の物品その他の可燃物の付近で喫煙しないこと、(5)残り火(たばこを含む)、取り灰、または火の粉を始末すること、(6)屋内において裸火を使用するときは、窓や出入口などを閉じて行うこと、などである。

[根本順吉・青木 孝]

[参照項目] | 火災 | 気象台 | 気象庁 | 湿度 | 消防法 | 測候所

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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