Ancient Greek colonies. Meaning "a settlement far from the mother country." They were founded by the ancient Greeks around 750-550 BCE in southern Italy, Sicily, northwestern Greece, the Mediterranean coast of Spain and France, and North Africa. Some of these are now large cities, such as Byzantium (now Istanbul), Neapolis (now Naples), and Massalia (now Marseille). Other famous cities include Pithecusa in Chalcis, Syracuse (Syracuse) in Corinth, Corcyra (Corcyra), and Taras (Tarentum) in Sparta. The prevailing view is that this colonization was undertaken in search of arable land due to the land shortage caused by the rapid population growth of the mother cities, and that colonies founded for commercial purposes were rare. The colonies were completely independent from the mother cities and established as new nations. In this respect they differed from the clercia built in Athens in the 5th century BC, and were completely different from the colonias (colonies) of the Roman Empire, many of which were built with military intent. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
古代ギリシアの植民市。「本国から遠く離れた定住地」の意。前 750~550年頃に古代ギリシア人によって,南イタリア,シチリア,北西ギリシア,スペインやフランスの地中海岸,北アフリカなどに建設された。そのなかには,ビザンチオン (現イスタンブール) ,ネアポリス (現ナポリ) ,マッサリア (マッシリア,現マルセイユ) など現在大都市となっているものもある。そのほかにカルキスのピテクサ,コリントのシラクサ (シラクーザ) ,コルキュラ (ケルキラ島) ,スパルタのタラス (タレンツム) などが有名である。この植民活動は母市の急激な人口増加に伴った土地不足のため,耕作地を求めて行われたもので,商業目的のための植民市建設はまれだったとする見解が有力である。植民市は母市から完全に独立し,新しい国家として建設された。この点で前5世紀アテネの建設したクレルキアと異なり,また多く軍事的意図から建設されたローマ帝国のコロニア (植民市) とはまったく異なる。
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