Not to kill, not to harm. One of the important ideas of Indian religions in general. It appears in the Upanishads, which are part of the Vedas, and in Jainism, it prohibits the killing of all living things, large and small, including not only animals and plants. In Buddhism, the idea of not killing appears in the earliest Buddhism, and is included in the important precepts that practitioners must observe. It is also written in the edicts of King Ashoka. Mahayana Buddhism also constantly preaches this non-killing. In Hinduism, the modern politician and thinker Gandhi in particular advocated non-violence, and particularly emphasized the importance of ahimsa. There is no doubt that not killing (→precept of not killing) is important in Chinese and Japanese Buddhism as well. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
不殺生,不傷害。インド宗教一般の重要な思想の一つ。すでにベーダの一部をなすウパニシャッドにみえ,ジャイナ教においても,大小を問わず,動植物はもとより,一切の生類の殺害を禁止している。仏教においても,最初期の仏教に不殺生の思想がみえ,修行者の守るべき重要な戒に含まれている。また,アショーカ王の詔勅にも記されている。大乗仏教もこの不殺生を絶えず説く。ヒンドゥー教においては特に近代の政治家,思想家であったガンジーが非暴力主義を唱え,特にアヒンサーの重要性を強調した。中国,日本の仏教においても不殺生 (→不殺生戒 ) の重要なことは疑いの余地はない。
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