...In 1920, the government's scholarships were greatly increased, and the children of lower-middle-class and working-class families were also able to enroll, making it a major step toward becoming a national university. The university is also famous for the Bodleian Library (founded in 1602), which houses all the first editions published in the country, and the Ashmolean Museum, the first public art museum in England (founded in 1683 with a donation from the antiquarian E. Ashmole). After the reforms in the late 19th century, the number of students also increased significantly, with 39 colleges, approximately 15,500 students (1996), 350 professors, and 1,150 other faculty members. ... From the Museum...Also, as universities and scientific academies were founded in various parts of Europe and scientific research became more active, collections of scientific equipment began to be made. In the 17th century, the Ashmolean Museum was established at Oxford University (1683), centered on the materials collected by J. Tradescant, a traveler and explorer. This became the first science museum in the UK, and also the first university museum and public museum. From this time on, the term "museum" began to be used in various countries to refer to facilities that preserve and exhibit collections. ... *Some of the terms mentioned in relation to the Ashmolean Museum are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…1920年には国家の奨学金が大幅に増加し,中流下ならびに労働者の子弟の入学も可能となり,国民の大学としての道を大きく歩むこととなる。なお,国内発行のすべての初版本を蔵するボドレーアン図書館(1602創設)やイギリス最初の公共美術館であるアシュモリアン博物館(好古家E.アシュモールの寄贈により1683創設)も有名である。19世紀後半の改革以後学生数も大きく増加し,学寮数39,学生約1万5500名(1996),教授職350名,その他の教員1150名。… 【博物館】より…また,ヨーロッパの各地に大学や科学アカデミーが創設され,科学研究が盛んになるに従って,科学機器のコレクションも行われるようになった。17世紀には,オックスフォード大学に,旅行家で探検家でもあったJ.トラデスカントの収集した資料を中心に,アシュモリアン博物館が誕生したが(1683),これがイギリス最初の科学博物館とされ,また最初の大学博物館,公共博物館となった。このころから,各国で〈ミュージアム〉の用語がコレクションの保存,展示をする施設に対して用いられるようになった。… ※「アシュモリアン博物館」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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