The Code, which has the greatest content and the greatest importance among the laws enacted by Emperor Justinian, is praised as the quintessence of Roman law. It was promulgated in 533. It is a collection of legal texts excerpted from the works of so-called classical jurists, especially five jurists of citation law, and consists of 50 volumes with a total of 9,142 legal texts. In the 50 volumes of the Code, except for volumes 30 to 32, each volume is divided into chapters (tiulus), and each chapter contains legal texts (lex, fragmentum) excerpted from the works of jurists, listed in the order of the name of the original author, the title of the book, and the volume number. The legal texts are further divided into paragraphs, and each section is preceded by a preamble (principium). This code is not a logically consistent, complete code as in modern law, but a casuistic code, with the legal texts arranged in a disorderly manner and not systematically arranged. With the coming into force of this code, the use of works and summaries not included in it was prohibited in court practice and in legal lectures, and free criticism, interpretation, and commentary on the code was also completely prohibited. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
ユスチニアヌス帝の立法中最大の内容と最高の重要性をもち,ローマ法の精華とたたえられる法典。 533年公布。いわゆる古典期の法学者,とりわけ引用法の5人の法学者の著作から抜粋した法文の集成で,法文総数 9142に及び,50巻から成る。『学説彙纂』 50巻は,第 30~32巻の3巻を除いて,各巻 liberが章 titulusに分れ,各章のもとに法学者の著作から抜粋した法文 lex,fragmentumが原著者の名,著書の題目,巻数などの順序で記載される。法文はさらに分節 paragraphusに細分され,その分節の前に前文 principiumがおかれている。本法典は近代法上の論理一貫した,完結体としての法典ではなく,カズイスティクで,法文の配列は乱雑で,体系的に整序されていない。この法典の発効とともに,これに集録されなかった著作,要約書の類は裁判所の実務においても,法学の講義においても,その使用を禁止されるとともに,本法典に対する自由な批判と解釈・注解も全面的に禁止された。
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