Valparaíso (English spelling)

Japanese: バルパライソ（英語表記）Valparaíso

A port city in central Chile facing the Pacific Ocean. It is located about 100 km west-northwest of the capital, Santiago, at a point where the hills that jut out from the coastal mountain range to the west face a large bay, and the city spreads from the lowlands along the bay to the hillsides. It was founded in 1536, but during the Spanish colonial period it was frequently attacked by pirates and suffered serious damage from storms, fires, and earthquakes, so almost no old buildings from the colonial period remain. After Chile's independence (1818), the importance of the port increased with the founding and development of the navy and the opening of sea routes to Europe, and it developed rapidly, becoming the second largest city after the capital. The city well preserves the appearance of Latin American cities and architectural development in the late 19th century, and was registered as a World Heritage Site in 2003. The city was damaged by earthquakes in 1906 and 1971, and as the tourist and resort town of Viña del Mar to the northeast began to absorb the city's population as a suburban residential area, the city's population growth gradually slowed, and in the late 1970s, it lost its position as the second largest city to Viña del Mar. However, it is Chile's largest port city, handles most of Chile's imports, and is extremely important in domestic maritime trade. It is also an industrial city, with industries such as foundry, chemicals, textiles, sugar, paints, clothing, leather, and vegetable oil. It is also a cultural center, with the Polytechnic University (1926), the Catholic University (1928), libraries, museums, and theaters within the city. The coastal lowlands, including reclaimed land, are home to port facilities, warehouses, commercial and industrial districts, and government offices, while the hillsides are mainly residential areas, and the two areas are connected by cable cars, stairs, elevators, and zigzag roads. The lower classes live near the top of the hills, and slums have developed there. It is also a key location for land transport, with rail links to Santiago and other major cities in the country. It is also the starting point of the Trans-Andean Railway, which connects the city to Buenos Aires via Mendoza. Population: 275,141 (2002).

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

チリ中部，太平洋に臨む港湾都市。首都サンチアゴの西北西約 100km，海岸山脈から西に張り出した丘陵が大きく開口した湾に臨む地点にあり，市街は湾岸の低地から丘陵斜面にかけて広がる。 1536年建設の古い町であるが，スペイン植民地時代を通じてしばしば海賊に襲撃されたうえ，嵐，火事，地震などにより大きな被害を受けたため，植民地時代の古い建築物はほとんど残っていない。チリ独立 (1818) 後，海軍の創設と発展，ヨーロッパ航路の開設などに伴って港の重要性が増し，急速に発展，首都に次ぐ大都市となった。市街は 19世紀後半のラテンアメリカの都市，建造物発展の様子をよくとどめており，2003年世界遺産の文化遺産に登録。 1906年，1971年の地震で被害を受け，北東に隣接する観光・保養地ビニャデルマルが郊外住宅地として市の人口を吸収し始めたため，市の人口の伸びはしだいにゆるやかになり，1970年代後半，第2の都市としての地位はビニャデルマルに譲った。しかしチリ最大の港湾都市であり，チリの輸入の大部分を扱い，また国内海運における重要性もきわめて高い。また工業都市でもあり，鋳造，化学，繊維，製糖，塗料，衣料，皮革，植物油などの工業が立地する。文化中心地でもあり，市内には工科大学 (1926) ，カトリカ大学 (1928) ，図書館，博物館，劇場などがある。埋立地を含む湾岸低地には港湾施設，倉庫，商工業地区，官庁街などが集まり，丘陵斜面はおもに住宅地区となっており，ケーブルカー，階段，エレベータ，ジグザグ道路などが両地区を結んでいる。丘陵の頂上近くには特に下層階級の人々が住み，スラム街もできている。陸上交通の要地でもあり，鉄道によりサンチアゴをはじめとする国内主要都市と連絡。またアンデス横断鉄道の起点で，メンドサを経てブエノスアイレスとも結ばれる。人口 27万 5141 (2002) 。

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