Government Standards - Public Standards

Japanese: 官公庁規格 - かんこうちょうきかく
Government Standards - Public Standards

… Standards can also be classified according to the body that sets them: (1) international standards, established by international agreements and treaties and established by governmental or non-governmental international organizations (whose membership is open to the public), (2) national standards, established by national standards bodies that are nationally recognized, (3) association standards, established by nationally recognized academic societies, associations, or industry groups, and (4) in-house standards, established by companies. In addition, there are (5) regional standards, established by governmental or non-governmental regional international organizations established through the cooperation of countries with close geographical, political, and economic ties, and (6) public agency standards, established by national or local government agencies for use in the procurement of goods and services. (5) can be considered a variation of international standards, and (6) can be considered a variation of in-house standards.
[History of the standard]
Ever since humans began to live in settlements and use tools, there have been standards equivalent to today for the materials, shapes, and manufacturing methods of tools.

*Some of the terminology that refers to "government standards" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

… また規格は,それを定める機関によって,(1)国際規格――国際的な協定,条約に基づいて設けられた,政府または非政府の国際機関が定めるもの(この機関の会員資格は世界的に公開),(2)国家規格――国家的に認められた国家規格機関が定めるもの,(3)団体規格――国家的に認められた学会,協会,業界団体が定めるもの,(4)社内規格――企業が定めるもの,に区分できる。このほかに,(5)地域規格――地理的,政治的,経済的に密接な連係をもつ国々の協力によって設けられた,政府または非政府の地域的な国際機構が定めるもの,(6)官公庁規格――国または地方の政府機関が,物品,サービスの調達に当たって用いることを目的として定めるもの,があるが,(5)は国際規格の変形といえ,(6)は社内規格の変形といえる。
[規格の歴史]
 人類が集落生活を営み,かつ道具を用いるようになったころから,道具の材料,形状,製法などについて現在の規格に相当するものがあった。…

※「官公庁規格」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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