Home science - science

Academic studies that are particularly passed down from generation to generation in a particular family. Since the mid-Heian period, it mainly refers to academic studies that were passed down to the doctoral families of the Daigakuryo. These include the Sugawara and Oe families in the field of writing, the Southern, Ceremonial, and Northern Hino branches of the Fujiwara clan, the Nakahara and Kiyohara families in the field of myogyo, the Sakanoue and Nakahara families in the field of myoho, the Ozuki and Miyoshi families in arithmetic, and the Tamba and Wake families in medicine. The Ononomiya, Kujo, and Koichijo families in the field of court studies began with Saneyori, Morosuke, and Morotada of the Fujiwara clan. In the Kamakura period, there were family schools of poetry such as the Nijo, Kyogoku, and Reizei schools, as well as calligraphy, gagaku, and other performing arts. In the Edo period, there were Confucian and Zhu Xi schools such as the Hayashi school, the Ito Jinsai school of classical studies, and the Kitamura school of poetry. The fact that Sugawara no Michizane called learning "family business" (Sugake Bunsou) and Oe Masahira called it "family theory" (Goribeshu) also signifies the establishment of family schools.

[Yutaka Yamanaka]

"A Study of the Ancient Educational System by Momo Hiroyuki (1947, Meguro Shoten / reprinted in 1983, Yoshikawa Kobunkan)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

ある特定の家で代々とくにうけ伝えられる学問。平安中期以後、大学寮の博士(はかせ)家に伝承された学問を主とする。文章道(もんじょうどう)の菅原(すがわら)・大江氏、藤原氏の南家・式家・北家日野流、明経(みょうぎょう)道の中原・清原氏、明法(みょうぼう)道の坂上(さかのうえ)・中原氏、算道の小槻(おづき)・三善(みよし)氏、医道の丹波(たんば)・和気(わけ)氏など。有職(ゆうそく)学の小野宮(おののみや)・九条(くじょう)家・小一条(こいちじょう)家流は藤原氏の実頼(さねより)・師輔(もろすけ)・師尹(もろただ)から始まった。鎌倉時代には、歌学の二条・京極(きょうごく)・冷泉(れいぜい)3家をはじめ、書道、雅楽などの芸能にも家学があった。江戸時代には、儒学で朱子学の林(りん)家、古学の伊藤仁斎(じんさい)家、歌学の北村家等々である。菅原道真(みちざね)が学問を「家業」（菅家文草(かんけぶんそう)）、大江匡衡(まさひら)が「家々説」（江吏部集(ごうりほうしゅう)）とよんでいるのも、家学の成立を意味している。

［山中　裕］

『桃裕行著『上代学制の研究』（1947・目黒書店／再版・1983・吉川弘文館）』

出典　小学館　日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について　情報 | 凡例