Fire mark - Kain

Japanese: 火印 - かいん

A type of corporal punishment seen in the samurai law after the Kamakura Shogunate Law. The Shikimokusho interprets it as a punishment that is descended from the ancient Chinese Bokubetsu. In the Goseibai Shikimoku, it is imposed for the crime of conspiracy and is a punishment for commoners. After that, the scope of application of this punishment gradually expanded, and in the Muromachi and Sengoku periods, it was imposed on theft and human trafficking, and in the early Edo period, it was also imposed on those who violated the Selection of Coins Law. The method of the fire branding punishment is unclear, but according to the Todo family's Kaiki, it is seen that just before the Winter Siege of Osaka, a secret emissary from Osaka was branded with the name "Hideyori" on his forehead. According to the Shikimokusho, the fire brand has no characters, but it is thought that in later years characters were sometimes branded.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

鎌倉幕府法以降の武家法にみられる肉刑の一種。『式目抄』はこれを古代中国の墨辟の系統をひく刑と解している。『御成敗式目』においては，謀書罪について科され，凡下，すなわち庶人に対する刑とされている。その後，この刑は，その適用が次第に拡大され，室町・戦国期には窃盗，人身売買，さらには，江戸初期には撰銭令違反者にも科せられた。火印刑の方式については定かでないが，藤堂家の『家記』によれば，大坂冬の陣の直前に，密使として派遣されて来た大坂方使者の額に，「秀頼」という焼印を押したことがみえている。『式目抄』によれば火印には文字なしとされているが，後年には文字を押す場合もあったと考えられる。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

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