Vasallität (English spelling)

Japanese: Vasallität(英語表記)Vasallitat
Vasallität (English spelling)

...In this respect, it is fundamentally different from the private relationships of patrocinium and cliente that emerged during the Roman Empire and the private party ties seen in Celtic society. In other words, the vassal system, which was linked to the aristocracy as a state-forming force, was maintained by a loyal lord-vassal relationship between free people, including the aristocrats, and is different from the anti-national and private lord-vassal relationships of the late Roman period and the extra-national Celts. At the same time, in the Germanic vassal system, one can see a strong germination of the feudal lord-vassal system that was established in the Middle Ages (feudal system). The reason why the granting and receiving of fiefs, another condition of feudalism, did not occur was due to the narrowness of the territory of the natural aristocracy and the underdeveloped idea of ​​land.

From [Feudalism]


【Europe】
Here we will only explain the concept (1) above.
[Established]
The samurai system was established by combining two systems with different origins, namely, the samurai system (Vasallität, vassalité, French) and the pension system (Benefizialwesen, German, bénéfice, French). To begin with, in late Roman Gaul, free people were broadly divided into potentes and wardens, and wardens were enslaved to the power of their masters by trust, shared their masters' protection, and were obligated to perform various service duties.

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Vasallität" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その点,ローマ帝政期に続出したパトロキニウムやクリエンテスのような私的な保護・被保護の従属関係およびケルト社会にみられた私党的結合とは,根本的なちがいがある。つまり国家形成力としての貴族制と結合した従士制度が,貴族をふくむ自由民相互の忠誠的主従関係によって維持されていたという点に,いわば反国家的・私的なローマ末期の主従関係,および国家外的なケルトのそれとの相違があり,同時にゲルマン的従士制の中に,中世に入って成立する封建的主従制Vasallitätへの一つの有力な萌芽を認めることができる(封建制度)。封建制のいま一つの条件である封Lehen,fiefの授受がこれに伴わなかったのは,自生的な貴族の支配領域の狭小と,土地に対する考え方の未発達によるものである。…

【封建制度】より


【ヨーロッパ】
 ここでは上述の(1)の概念についてのみ説明する。
[成立]
 レーン制は,起源を異にする二つの制度,すなわち〈家士制Vasallität(ドイツ語),vassalité(フランス語)〉と〈恩給制Benefizialwesen(ドイツ語),bénéfice(フランス語)〉の結合によって成立した。家士制の説明から始めると,ローマ末期のガリアにおいては,自由民は大きく〈有力者potentes〉と〈被護民clientes〉とに分かれ,被護民は託身によって一生涯主人たる有力者の権力に隷属し,主人の保護にあずかるとともに,種々さまざまの奉仕義務を負担していた。…

※「Vasallität」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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