This is Japan's first written law on shipping and maritime commerce. Its contents are wide-ranging, including shipwreck rescue, marine insurance, and ship lending and borrowing regulations. The number of articles varies from 30 to 43 depending on the version. The colophon states that in March 1223 (Joō 2), three residents of Hyogo, Settsu, Urado, Tosa, and Satsumabo-no-tsu submitted a "ship law" to the nobility and recorded it. This annexe may have some connection to the compilation of the Ota-bumi, which included an investigation of the various ports, that was underway in the same year. It is generally believed that the actual establishment of this law occurred during the Azuchi-Momoyama period when early modern trading ships were on the rise, but it should be noted that the partial customary legal premise of this law existed from much earlier, as can be seen in a request for a tax ship from 1415 (Oei 22) from the Toimaru magistrate of Amagasaki, Settsu, which states, "Matters at sea are left to the laws of trading ships." [Michihisa Hotate] "Commerce in Medieval Japan" (included in "Toyoda Takeshi Collected Works Volume 2", 1982, Yoshikawa Kobunkan) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
わが国最初の海運・海商に関する成文法。内容は、難破船の救助、海損保障、船の貸借規定など多岐にわたる。条数は、30箇条から43箇条まで伝本によって異なる。奥書に、1223年(貞応2)3月、摂津兵庫(ひょうご)、土佐浦戸(うらど)、薩摩坊津(さつまぼうのつ)の住人3名が、公家(くげ)よりの下聞に対して「船法」を上申し、それを記録したものと記されている。この年記は、同年に諸浦の調査を含む諸国大田文(おおたぶみ)の撰進(せんしん)が進行していたこととなんらかの関係があろう。一般に、実際の成立が近世的廻船が勃興(ぼっこう)した織豊(しょくほう)時代とされている点は妥当であるが、1415年(応永22)の摂津尼崎(あまがさき)の問丸(といまる)代官の年貢船送請文(うけぶみ)に「海上の事ハ、廻船の法に任せ候」とあるように、この式目の部分的、慣習法的前提は、より早くから存在したことも留意すべきである。 [保立道久] 『『中世日本の商業』(『豊田武著作集 第2巻』所収・1982・吉川弘文館)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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