Miasma

Japanese: miasma
Miasma

…What doctors could do was to observe and record the disease in detail, and to work with citizens to get the government to change the uncleanliness that was one of the general rules for preventing disease. The idea that such epidemics were caused by miasma, which means bad gases emanating from some unclean place, was widely supported. To drive away miasma, people tried to light fires on street corners, spray perfume, and burn incense, but more fundamentally, they should remove the uncleanness that was thought to be the source of miasma. …

From 【Illness】

…Here we can see an example of the fact that the ideas underlying the cause and treatment of disease are not necessarily the same. On the other hand, the idea that infectious diseases are caused by bad gases, or miasma, emanating from unclean places was widely supported, and it became clear that smallpox, venereal diseases, and certain skin diseases were transmitted by touching the affected area. As a generalization of these concepts, the entity known as the living contagium animatum was conceived. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "miasma" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…医師たちにできることは,それを詳しく観察・記載することと,病気の予防の一般則の一つである不潔を改めるために,市民たちと協力して行政を動かすことであった。 そのような伝染病はなにかしら不潔な場所から発生する悪い気体という意味のミアスマmiasmaによるという観念が,広く支持されていた。ミアスマを退散させるために,街角で火を燃やしたり,香水をまき,香をたくなどの方法もとられたが,もっと根本的にはミアスマの発生源と考えられる不潔をとり去ればよい。…

【病気】より

…ここには,病気に対する原因と治療の基礎になる考え方が必ずしも同じでない例をみることができる。 一方,伝染病の発生は不潔な場所から生じる悪い気体,すなわちミアスマmiasmaによるという観念が広く支持され,天然痘や性病,ある種の皮膚病などは,病変部位に触れることで伝染することが明らかになっていった。これらの概念を一般化したものとして,〈生きたコンタギウムcontagium animatum〉という実体が考えられた。…

※「miasma」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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