natural philosopher

Japanese: natural philosopher(英語表記)naturalphilosopher
natural philosopher

...Thus, it became possible to systematically train and reproduce scientists as a profession (intellectual profession) as we see it today. In the 1830s, the term scientist was proposed by Cambridge University mathematician W. Whewell, and came to be widely used in place of the traditional term natural philosopher, which is a fitting symbol of the professionalization of science. In the 19th century, in response to the specialization and sophistication of science, individual and specialized academic societies and associations were born in various fields.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "natural philosopher" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…かくて,今日みられるようなプロフェッション(知的専門職)としての科学者を,組織的に養成し,再生産することが可能となったのである。1830年代,scientist(科学者)という語が,ケンブリッジ大学の数学者W.ヒューエルによって提案され,従来のnatural philosopher(自然哲学者)に代わって広く用いられるようになったことは,科学の専門職業化をいみじくも象徴しているといえよう。また,19世紀を通じて,科学の専門分化と高度化に対応して,さまざまの分野で個別的・専門的な学会・協会が誕生した。…

※「natural philosopher」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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