...This is because visions and dreams are considered to be a channel and medium for direct contact and exchange with "others," including spirits such as gods, spirits of the dead, and ancestors. Anthropologist E. Bourguignon distinguishes between hallucinations and trances, saying that hallucinations are when one perceives and recognizes an object in the outside world while in a trance, while spirit possession is when the object possesses the self and the self becomes one with the object, even in the same trance. Hallucinations are an essential condition for shamans (prophets, seers, etc.) to come into direct contact and exchange with spiritual beings and the spirit world during their initiations and rituals in various regions. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Bourguignon, E." is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…幻や夢は,神霊,死霊,祖霊など霊的存在を含む〈他者〉との直接接触・交流の回路であり,媒体であるとされるからである。人類学者ブールギニョンE.Bourguignonは幻覚を〈トランス〉の類似概念であるとし,トランスにおいて自己の外界に対象を知覚・認識するのが幻覚であり,同じトランスにおいてであっても,対象が自己に憑入(ひようにゆう)し,対象と自己が同一化するのが〈憑霊〉であるとして,両者を区別している。幻覚は各地のシャーマン(予言者,見者など)のイニシエーションおよび儀礼において,シャーマンが霊的存在や霊界と直接接触・交流する際の不可欠の条件である。… ※「Bourguignon,E.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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