American sculptor. Known as a representative pop art artist. Born in Sweden, he moved to the US at the urging of his father, a diplomat, and studied at Yale University and the Art Institute of Chicago. After moving to New York in 1956, he became friends with Allan Kaprow and other artists, and performed a series of theatrical acts, happenings that unfolded in everyday environments with an audience at Judson Memorial Church and other venues. In particular, a happening in 1961 titled "Store" featured plaster casts of fast food such as hamburgers and hot dogs painted with vivid colored enamel and displayed in a mock store, and these became the prototypes for his later three-dimensional works. He became known as a pop artist after his "Soft Sculptures" exhibited at the Green Gallery in 1962 were well received. Oldenburg was one of the few pop artists to show sympathy with surrealism, and in works such as "Giant Hamburger" and "Giant Ice Cream Cone," he made real food out of soft stuffed toys, enlarged their size, and used gaudy, gaudy colors to shock and amaze the audience. He also applied the same technique to familiar mechanical products, everyday items, and musical instruments, transforming hard objects such as typewriters, electrical plugs, and outlets into soft, erotic objects made of vinyl and cloth. The human and tactile elements play an important role in these works, but after a happening in which he dug a large rectangular hole in Central Park in 1967, he also became interested in outdoor works, and subsequently created many public monuments in which he enlarged everyday objects and exhibited them outdoors as monumental works. [Koichiro Ishizaki] "Pop Art" by Tilman Ostervoort (2001, Taschen Japan) [References] | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アメリカの彫刻家。ポップ・アートの代表的作家として知られる。スウェーデンに生まれたが、外交官である父の勧めで渡米し、エール大学、シカゴ美術研究所に学んだ。1956年にニューヨークに転居してからアラン・カプローなどと交友をもち、ジャドソン記念教会などで一連の演劇的行為、すなわち観客と日常的環境のなかで展開するハプニングを行う。とりわけ61年の「ストア」と題したハプニングは、石膏(せっこう)で型取りされた極彩色のエナメルを塗ったハンバーガーやホットドッグなどのファーストフードを現実の模擬店舗で展示するというもので、これらはのちの立体作品の原型となった。 1962年にグリーン画廊で発表された「柔らかな彫刻」が好評を博し、ポップ・アートの作家として知られるようになった。オルデンバーグはシュルレアリスムに共感を示す数少ないポップ・アーティストであり、『巨大なハンバーガー』『巨大なアイスクリーム・コーン』のように、現実の食物を柔らかなぬいぐるみで制作し、サイズを巨大化して、はででけばけばしい色彩とともに、観客に驚異と衝撃を与える。同じ手法は身近な機械製品や日用品、楽器などにも応用され、タイプライター、電気プラグ、コンセントなどの硬質な物体をビニルや布でつくられたソフトでエロティックなオブジェに変容させた。そこでは、人間的で触覚的要素が重要な役割を果たしているが、1967年にセントラル・パークで四角形の大きな穴を掘るハプニングを行ってから、野外作品にも興味を示し、その後、巨大化された日常的物体を記念碑的作品として屋外に常設展示する多くの公共的モニュメントを発表している。 [石崎浩一郎] 『ティルマン・オスターヴォルト著『ポップ・アート』(2001・タッシェン・ジャパン)』 [参照項目] | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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