...Meritherium is not related to other proboscideans, but forms an independent suborder Meritherium. The ancestors of today's elephants can be found among the proboscideans of the mastodont order, but the oldest of these is the Paleomastodon and Phiomia , both of which were discovered in the Fayum region, and date back to the early Oligocene epoch 35 million years ago. Mastodonts are distinguished from other proboscidean groups, the Deinotheriidae and Elephantidae, by their low skulls, long bodies, and short limbs, with the incisors of both upper and lower jaws degenerating except for one fang-like tooth on each side, the canines missing, and the snout elongated. From [Proboscidea]...They have no canines. The Gomphotheridae ( Palaeomastodon , Gomphotherium , Platybelodon , Amebelodon , etc.), which were widely distributed from the Eocene to the Pleistocene, had a pair of fangs on both the top and bottom, and their molars had low crowns and nipple-like projections on the biting surfaces. They had long bodies and short limbs. *Some of the terminology that mentions "Palaeomastodon" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…メリテリウムは他の長鼻類との系統関係はなく,独立のメリテリウム亜目をつくる。 今日のゾウにつながる先祖は,マストドン亜目の長鼻類の中に求められるが,メリテリウムと同じくファユームで発見されたパレオマストドンPalaeomastodonとフィオミアPhiomiaがその中でもっとも古く,3500万年前の漸新世前期のものである。マストドン亜目のものは,頭骨が低く,胴が長く,四肢が短いことで,長鼻類の他のグループであるデイノテリウム亜目やゾウ亜目のものと区別され,上下のあごの切歯は左右それぞれきば状の1本を除いては退化し,犬歯は失われ,吻はのびている。… 【長鼻類】より…犬歯はない。始新世~更新世に広く分布したゴンフォテリウム科(パレオマストドンPalaeomastodon,ゴンフォテリウムGomphotherium,プラチベロドンPlatybelodon,アメベロドンAmebelodonなど)は上下ともに1対のきばをもち,臼歯(きゆうし)は歯冠部が低く,咬面(こうめん)に乳頭状の突起がある。胴が長く四肢が短い。… ※「Palaeomastodon」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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