Babylonian Captivity of the Avignon Popes

Japanese: 教皇のバビロン捕囚 - きょうこうのバビロンほしゅう（英語表記）Babylonian Captivity of the Avignon Popes

This refers to the period from 1309 to 1377 when the papacy was located in Avignon, southern France. At the end of the 13th century, Pope Boniface VIII fought with King Philip IV of France, and was arrested by force in 1303. After his death, French forces gained the upper hand in the church, and Archbishop Bertrand of Bordeaux was chosen as Pope Clement V. After 1309, the papacy was moved to Avignon on the Rhône River in southern France. The six popes who followed were French, and they occupied the Avignon Palace for about 70 years from 1309 to 1377. The public called this the "Babylonian Captivity" or "Avignon Captivity" of popes, likening it to the Babylonian Captivity of the Hebrews. These popes are also known as the Avignon popes. The absence of a pope led to the degradation of the Papal States and the corruption of clerical investiture, which led to growing demands for the return of the pope to Rome, and the seventh pope, Gregory XI, returned to Rome.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

1309～77年ローマ教皇座が南フランス，アビニョンにおかれたことをさす。 13世紀末，教皇ボニファチウス8世はフランス王フィリップ4世と争い，1303年武力により監禁された。その死後，教会内のフランス勢力が優位になり，ボルドー大司教ベルトランが選ばれて教皇クレメンス5世となり，1309年以降南フランス，ローヌ河畔アビニョンに教皇座を移した。あとに続く6教皇はフランス人で，1309～77年の約 70年間アビニョン宮にあり，世人はヘブライ人のバビロン捕囚にたとえて，教皇の「バビロン捕囚」または「アビニョン捕囚」と呼んだ。これらの教皇は，アビニョン教皇ともいわれる。教皇の不在により，教皇領の荒廃と聖職叙任の腐敗とを招き，ローマ帰還の要求が高まり，7代グレゴリウス 11世がローマに帰還した。

出典　ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典について　情報

<<: Papal infallibility - Infallibility of the Pope

>>: The three mountains of Kyoguchi - Kyoko no Sanzan