Capturing an enemy soldier alive on the battlefield and making him a prisoner of war was also called "living prisoner of war" or "living capture." Prisoners are often killed after the fact, but how they are treated varies depending on the status and circumstances of the person who was captured alive. The exile of Minamoto no Tametomo, a master of the powerful bow, to Oshima in the Tale of the Hōgen, and the exile of Minamoto no Yoritomo to Izu in the Tale of the Heiji are good examples of taking prisoner of war alive. In addition, Hasebe Nobutsura, a soldier who was a match for a thousand men and whose brave fighting style is depicted in the Tale of the Heike and other works, is said to have escaped the death penalty due to his bravery when he raised the armies of Emperor Mochihito and Emperor Yorimasa. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
戦場において敵の将兵を生かしたままでとらえ捕虜にすることで,生虜あるいは生獲ともいった。捕虜は事後殺される場合が多いが,その処遇の仕方は生捕りされた者の地位や事情で異なる。《保元物語》にみる強弓の名手源為朝の大島への遠流(おんる),あるいは《平治物語》にみる源頼朝の伊豆への配流などは生虜処流の好例であろう。また以仁王(もちひとおう),源頼政の挙兵に際し,一騎当千の兵として,その奮戦の模様が《平家物語》などに描かれている長谷部信連の場合は,その武勇のゆえに死罪を免れたという。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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