It is a language belonging to the central group of Aryan languages, and is both an official language of Pakistan and an official language of India. Khaī-Bōlī, spoken in the area around present-day Delhi, was influenced by Dakhni, the court literary language developed by Islamic dynasties that emerged in the Deccan Plateau from the 14th century onwards, and by the early 18th century had become the common language of royalty and the Muslim upper classes throughout North India. Although it has exactly the same grammatical structure as Hindi, it incorporates a large number of loanwords from Persian and Arabic. Urdu, written in Persian characters, rose to prominence in the late 18th century as the official language of the Mughal dynasty, whose capital was Delhi, and was used in courts and in education in various states in North India, while also producing many excellent literary works. The word "Urdu" is originally a Turkish word meaning "military camp", but it came to be the name for the common language of the Islamic military. [Takeshi Nara] "Japanese Urdu Dictionary" by Suzuki Bin and Asada Yutaka (1992, Daigaku Shorin) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
アーリア系諸語の中央グループに属する言語で、パキスタンの公用語であると同時に、インドの公用語でもある。現在のデリーを中心とする地方で話されていたカリー・ボーリー語Khaī-Bōlīは、14世紀以降デカン高原に出現したイスラム王朝が発達させた宮廷文学語ダクニーDakhnīの影響を受けつつ、18世紀初頭までに北インド各地の王族ならびにイスラム教徒上層階級の共通語となっていった。ヒンディー語とまったく同じ文法構造をもちながらも、ペルシア語やアラビア語からの借用語をふんだんに取り入れている。またペルシア文字で書き表すウルドゥー語は、デリーに都を定めたムガル王朝の公用語として18世紀後半からその地位を高め、北インド各州の法廷語や教育語ともなる一方、数多くの優れた文学作品を生み出していった。なお、「ウルドゥー」とは本来「軍営地」を意味するトルコ語であるが、イスラム軍の共通語に対する名称となっていった。 [奈良 毅] 『鈴木斌・麻田豊著『日本語ウルドゥー語小辞典』(1992・大学書林)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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