...The name Viscount comes from vicecomes, an official who acted in place of an earl in the early Middle Ages. After the Norman Conquest, the name was applied to sheriffs in England, but this eventually became a simple title. The German word Freiherr, which corresponds to the lowest rank of baron, referred to the knightly class of small lords (freie Herren) below the Graf from the 11th century onwards. Some of them rose to the rank of Graf in the late Middle Ages, and some merged with ministeriales (house vassals) to become a title of lower nobility. In the 18th century, the status of Imperial knights Reichsritter who were directly subordinate to the Emperor was called Freiherr. An example of this is the Stein family, a leader of the Prussian Reformation. ... *Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Reichsritter" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…子爵の名は,中世初期に伯の職務を代行した役人vicecomesに由来し,ノルマン・コンクエスト後のイギリスではシェリフにこの名が適用されたが,これもやがて単なる爵位と化した。爵位の最下級のバロンに対応するドイツ語フライヘルFreiherrは,11世紀以降,グラーフの下に位置する騎士的な小領主層freie Herrenを指したが,彼らの一部は中世末期にグラーフへと上昇し,一部は家士(ミニステリアーレ)と融合することにより下級貴族の一称号となり,18世紀には皇帝直属の帝国騎士Reichsritter身分がフライヘルと呼ばれた。プロイセン改革の指導者シュタインの家門などがその例である。… ※「Reichsritter」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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