slack key

Japanese: slack key(英語表記)slackkey
slack key

...The Polynesian Kanaka people, natives of the Hawaiian Islands, had unaccompanied songs, oli, percussion instruments (such as the gourd ipu and bamboo pu'ili), and dances (hula). In the 19th century, Christian hymns were brought to the islands by Americans, and they absorbed Western-style melodies and harmonies. Furthermore, the guitar was introduced by Mexicans, and the small guitar by Portuguese. This led to the invention of slack key (a Hawaiian folk guitar playing style with its own tuning and playing method), steel guitar, and ukulele, and by the end of the 19th century, the classical Hawaiian style, represented by "Aloha Oe" (composed by Queen Liliuokalani in 1878), was completed. In the 20th century, the number of Hawaiian musicians going to America for work increased rapidly, and elements of jazz and blues were widely adopted. In the 1930s, electrically amplified steel guitars were introduced, and Hawaiian music became more popular.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "slack key" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…ハワイ諸島原住のポリネシア系のカナカ族は,無伴奏の歌オリ,打楽器(ひょうたんの〈イプ〉,竹のささら〈プーイリ〉など)と踊り(フラ)などをもっていた。19世紀にアメリカ人によりキリスト教の賛美歌が持ち込まれて西洋式のメロディとハーモニーを吸収し,さらにメキシコ人によりギター,ポルトガル人により小型ギターが紹介されることによって,スラック・キーslack key(独自の調弦と演奏法によるハワイの民俗的ギター奏法),スチール・ギター,ウクレレが考案され,19世紀末には《アロハ・オエAloha Oe》(リリウオカラニ女王が1878年に作った)に代表されるハワイアンの古典様式が完成した。20世紀に入り,ハワイの音楽家たちがアメリカに出稼ぎに行く機会が急増するとともに,ジャズやブルースの要素が大幅に取り入れられ,1930年代にスチール・ギターの電気増幅式のものが導入されてハワイ音楽のポピュラー化が進行した。…

※「slack key」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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