…This point is also clear from the process of the formation of the meaning of the word. In both the East and the West, the mind is formed in relation to the movement of the heart, and is therefore a concept that has its seat inside the body. On the other hand, the spirit has an omnipresent extension that penetrates and transcends the individual's body, as the corresponding English words spirit, French esprit, and German Geist all derive from the Latin spiritus, meaning wind, air, or breath, and the Greek pneuma. Because of this characteristic, the spirit, on the one hand, takes on the image of a spirit that controls the human mind and body, and on the other hand, it is linked to the idea of God or the transcendent, strengthening its ethical and metaphysical character. … *Some terminology explanations that mention "spiritus" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…この点は語義の成立の過程からも明らかで,洋の東西を問わず心は心臓の動きと関連してできあがり,それゆえ身体内部に座をもつ概念である。一方精神は,それにあたる英語のスピリットspirit,フランス語のエスプリesprit,ドイツ語のガイストGeistが〈風〉〈空気〉〈息〉などを意味するラテン語のスピリトゥスspiritus,ギリシア語のプネウマpneumaに由来するように,個人の身体をつらぬき個人の身体を超えて遍在する広がりをもつ。こうした性格から精神は,一方で,人間の心や身体を支配する〈霊〉のイメージを帯び,他方では神や超越者の観念と結びついて倫理的・形而上学的な性格をつよめる。… ※「spiritus」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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