Kerogene

Japanese: kerogen
Kerogene

…Another fundamental difference from coal is the type, or quality, of organic matter contained in oil shale. As with petroleum source rocks, more than 90% of the organic matter in oil shale is a solid called kerogen, which is insoluble in organic and inorganic solvents and produces oil through thermal decomposition. It is made up of aggregates of high molecular weight organic matter. The kerogen in coal is derived from the wood and stems of higher plants, while the kerogen in oil shale is mainly derived from algae. …

From [Oil]

The kerogen origin hypothesis is the most widely studied. Kerogen is the most abundant organic matter on Earth, and it has been experimentally proven that petroleum hydrocarbons are produced from kerogen by thermal action (see the entry on petroleum source rocks).
[Regions and composition]
According to the data on petroleum occurrence, most of the world's oil fields tend to have oil in relatively shallow layers where the geothermal gradient is large, and in relatively deep layers where the geothermal gradient is small.

From [Oil source rocks]

...The remaining 10% of the organic matter contains petroleum hydrocarbons, asphalt, humic acid, etc. Stuart DR Steuart proposed kerogen as a general term for insoluble organic matter in oil shale (1912), but it is now broadly interpreted as a general term for insoluble organic matter in sediments. This kerogen is not a term that indicates a chemical unit, but is treated as a collection of organic matter that is insoluble in organic and inorganic solvents and produces petroleum hydrocarbons through thermal decomposition. ...

*Some of the terminology that mentions "kerogen" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…その他,石炭との根本的な相違は,含有する有機物のタイプすなわち質である。石油根源岩と同様に,オイルシェール中の有機物の約90%以上は,油母(ケロジェンkerogen)と呼ばれる有機・無機溶媒に不溶な,熱分解によって油分を発生する固体で,高分子有機物の集合体によって占められている。石炭中のケロジェンは高等植物などの木質部,茎部に由来したのに対し,オイルシェール中のケロジェンはおもに藻類に由来している。…

【石油】より

…とくに研究が進んでいるのはケロジェン起源説である。ケロジェンkerogenは地球上に最も多量に存在する有機物で,熱作用によってケロジェンから石油系炭化水素が生成されることは実験的にも証明された(〈石油根源岩〉の項を参照)。
[産状と成分]
 これまでの石油の産状に関する資料から,世界の油田の多くは地温こう配が大きい所では比較的浅い地層に,地温こう配が小さい所では比較的深い地層に石油が存在する傾向がある。…

【石油根源岩】より

…有機物の残りの10%に石油炭化水素,アスファルト分,フミン酸などが含まれている。スチュアートD.R.Steuartは,ケロジェンkerogen(油母)をオイルシェール中の不溶性有機物の総称として提案(1912)したが,現在では堆積物中の不溶性有機物の総称として拡大解釈されている。このケロジェンは,化学的な単体を示す用語ではなく,有機・無機溶媒に不溶であり,熱分解によって石油性炭化水素を発生する有機物の集合体として扱われている。…

※「kerogen」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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