Masayoshi Ohira

Japanese: 大平正芳 - おおひらまさよし

Born March 12, 1910 in Toyohama, Kagawa
[Died] June 12, 1980. Politician in Setagaya, Tokyo. Graduated from Tokyo University of Commerce in 1936 and joined the Ministry of Finance. Became secretary to Minister of Finance Ikeda Hayato in 1949, and elected to the House of Representatives in 1952. Since then, he has been elected 11 times in a row. Together with Miyazawa Kiichi and Kurokane Yasumi, he was part of Ikeda Hayato's "secretary group," and in 1960 he became Chief Cabinet Secretary in the Ikeda Cabinet. He directed Ikeda's politics of "tolerance and patience" and "income doubling," and achieved a shift from Kishi Nobusuke's authoritarian politics to Ikeda's flexible line. In 1962, he became Minister of Foreign Affairs. In the Sato Eisaku Cabinet, he served as chairman of the LDP Policy Research Council and Minister of International Trade and Industry. In 1972, after Sato resigned, four candidates ran in the LDP presidential election: Tanaka Kakuei, Fukuda Takeo, Ohira, and Miki Takeo. In a runoff election between Fukuda and Tanaka, he supported Tanaka. He became Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Tanaka Cabinet and achieved the restoration of diplomatic relations between Japan and China (Japan-China Joint Statement). In 1974, he became Minister of Finance, a position he continued to hold in the Miki Cabinet. In the autumn of 1976, he worked with Fukuda to force Miki to resign, and in December of the same year, he became Secretary-General of the Fukuda Cabinet. In the November 1978 LDP presidential election, he defeated the incumbent Fukuda to become the 9th president of the party, and in December of the same year, he became the 68th Prime Minister. In September 1979, he dissolved the House of Representatives, but failed to secure a stable majority in the following October House of Representatives election. He was pressured by anti-mainstream factions within the party to take responsibility and resign, but he refused and instead formed the second Ohira Cabinet. In May 1980, a motion of no confidence was passed and the House of Representatives was dissolved again, leading to simultaneous House of Representatives and House of Councillors elections, but he suddenly died of heart disease in the midst of these elections.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:

[生]1910.3.12. 香川，豊浜
[没]1980.6.12. 東京，世田谷
政治家。 1936年，東京商科大学を卒業，大蔵省に入省。 1949年，池田勇人大蔵大臣秘書官となり，1952年衆議院議員に当選。以来連続 11回当選。宮沢喜一，黒金泰美とともに，池田勇人の「秘書官グループ」と呼ばれ，1960年池田内閣の官房長官となった。「寛容と忍耐」「所得倍増」の池田政治を演出，岸信介強権政治から池田柔軟路線への転換を果たした。 1962年外務大臣。佐藤栄作内閣で党政務調査会会長，通産大臣を歴任。 1972年佐藤退陣後の総裁選挙に田中角栄，福田赳夫，大平，三木武夫の4人が出馬，福田と田中の決選投票となり，田中を支持。田中内閣の外相に就任，日中国交回復を実現した (日中共同声明 ) 。 1974年蔵相となり，三木内閣でも引き続き蔵相を務めた。 1976年秋，福田と連携して三木を退陣に追い込み，同 12月福田内閣の党幹事長に就任。 1978年 11月の自由民主党の総裁選挙で現職の福田を破って第9代総裁となり，同 12月第 68代内閣総理大臣の座についた。 1979年9月衆議院を解散したが，翌 10月の衆議院選挙で安定多数獲得に失敗。党内反主流派から引責退陣を迫られたが応ぜず，第2次大平内閣を発足させた。 1980年5月，内閣不信任案可決で再び衆議院を解散して衆参同日選挙となったが，そのさなかに心臓病で急死した。

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