…However, toward the end of the Roman Empire, it became difficult to build such large-scale dwellings, and many of them lacked atria. The dense urbanization of the Roman period gave rise to the insula, a type of dwelling. It was a communal house with three to five floors, made of natural unreinforced concrete with brick exterior walls. … From Rome …The decline of patriarchal authority and the shift of the law to their advantage gave rise to the matrona (married woman) who was mentally and financially independent. From [Roman Art]…Although the city limits were compact, the public facilities that formed the city's infrastructure far exceeded the standards of modern cities in terms of robustness and capacity, and served as a model for subsequent Western European cities. However, as the city developed, in overcrowded cities such as Rome and its outer port of Ostia, the residences of the common people became increasingly tall, with five- to six-story apartment buildings (insula) lining the streets, and the living conditions worsened. On the other hand, from around the 2nd century BC onwards, the wealthy and aristocrats built villas outside the city walls. … *Some of the terminology that mentions "insula" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…しかしローマ帝政期末期にはこのような大規模住居はつくりにくくなり,アトリウムを欠いたものが多くなる。 ローマ時代の稠密な都市化が生んだ住居形式にインスラinsulaがある。3階から5階に及ぶ共同住宅で,外壁を煉瓦で築いた天然無筋コンクリート造であった。… 【ローマ】より…家長権の衰退と法律が彼女たちに有利になっていったことが,精神的にも経済的にも独立したマトロナmatrona(既婚夫人)を生み出したのである。【小林 雅夫】 【ローマ美術】より…市域はコンパクトに限定されているが,都市の基盤となるこれらの公共施設は堅牢さや容量の点から見て,現代都市の水準をはるかに上回っており,その後の西欧の都市の模範となるものであった。しかし,都市の発展にともない,ローマやローマの外港オスティアのような人口過密都市では,庶民の住居はますます高層化され,5~6階建ての共同住宅(インスラinsula)が軒をならべるようになり,居住環境は悪くなった。他方,前2世紀ごろ以降,富裕層や貴族は城壁外にウィラを営んだ。… ※「insula」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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